1. Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174 Learning Objectives:
Read Chap 8. Review all notes & diagrams. Finish the last slide – the six types of synovial joints.
Chap 8 Joints Pgs
Learning Objectives:
Explain an articulation (joint).
Classify joints based on structure and function. Describe their characteristics.
Demonstrate common body movements.
Identify and describe the main joints of the elbow, knee, hip, and shoulder.
Explain the basis of common joint injuries such as rotator cuff injury.

2. Shoulder Problems
A patient presents will extreme pain in the shoulder area, mobility is limited, and rest/ ice have not improved the situation over time. After thorough examination, it is determined that the patient’s cartilage is badly torn. Rotator cuff surgery is required:

3. Review What is an articulation?
An articulation is also known as a _________.
What are sutures (as in the coronal suture)?

4. Joints Weakest parts of the skeleton Two functions of joints
Give the skeleton _________
Hold the skeleton __________

5. Classification of Joints: Functional Pg. 157
Functional classification is based on the amount of ________ allowed by the joint
The three functional classes of joints are:
Synarthroses – __________
Amphiarthroses – ___________
Diarthroses – ___________

6. Fibrous Joints Pg.157 The bones are joined by _______ tissues
There is no joint _______
Most are ____________
There are three types:
1. sutures (Example: seams in the skull)
2. syndesmoses (bones connected by
____________) Example: ligament connecting the distal ends of the tibia and fibula
3. gomphoses (____ -in-socket type of fibrous joint) Example: peridontal ligament

7. Cartilaginous Joints Pg.158
Articulating bones are united by ________
Lack a joint ______
Two types:
1. synchondroses – bar or plate of cartilage
(Example: immoveable joint between the
coastal cartilage of the first rib and
manubrium)
2. symphyses – articular surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartlage which in turn is fused to a __________ pad (or plate) of ______________.
Example: intervertebral joints

8. Synovial Joints Pg.160
Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a ____________ joint cavity.
All are _______ movable
Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body
All have the following:
a. Articular cartilage
b. Joint (synovial) cavity
c. Articular capsule
d. ___________ fluid
e. Reinforcing ____________

9. Friction-Reducing Structures in Synovial Joints
_________ – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid
Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
____________ – elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

10. Review of Joints (Thus Far)
See handout
Estimated Time of completion = minutes
Will check answers

11. Synovial Joints: Movement Pg. 164
The two muscle attachments across a joint are:
1. ________ – attachment to the immovable bone
2. _________ – attachment to the movable bone

12. Synovial Joint: Range of Motion
________ – slipping movements only
________ – movement in one plane
_______ – movement in two planes
_______ – movement in or around all three planes
There are also 3 general types of movements: _______, _______, and rotation

13. Gliding Pg.163
One flat bone surface _______ or slips over another similar surface
Examples – intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae

14. Angular Pg. 164
_______ — bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
_________ — reverse of flexion; joint angle is increased
_________ and plantar flexion — up and down movement of the foot
________ — movement away from the midline
________ — movement toward the midline
__________ — movement describes a cone in space

15. Angular continued Pg.164

16. Angular continued

17. Angular continued Pg. 167

18. Rotation The turning of a bone around its own long _____ Examples
Between first two vertebrae
Hip and shoulder joints

19. Special Movements
Supination and pronation Pg.170

20. Special Movements continued
Inversion and eversion Pg.172

21. Special Movements continued
Protraction and retraction Pg. 169

22. Special Movements continued
Elevation and depression Pg. 168

23. Special Movements continued
Opposition Pg.170

24. Partner Activity Quickly pair with a partner.
Each person should complete question #10 (a – p) pg 174 now in their workbook.
Then demonstrate the motions (as listed under question #10 (a-p) pg 174 to their partner

25. Types of Synovial Joints
Using pages as a guide name, describe and site examples of the six types of synovial joints: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.