1. Tissues

5. Four Types of Tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

6. Epithelial Tissue Epidermal membrane – Skin
Serous membrane – linings of the internal cavities
(excluding: dorsal cavity and joint cavity)
Mucous membrane – linings of digestive and respiratory tracks

7. Epithelial Tissue Characteristics 1. Cells fit close together
2. Membranes always have one free surface
3. Cells are attached to a Basement membrane

8. Epithelial Tissue
4. Avascular – nutrients diffuse from underlying connective tissue
5. Regeneration is easy if well nourished

9. Epithelial Tissue Types
1. Simple – single layer

10. Epithelial Tissue Types
2. Stratified -
Stacked

11. Epithelial Tissue Types
3. Glandular:
– in glands used to excrete or secrete solutions

12. Simple Epithelial Responsible for Diffusion Filtration Secretion
Absorption

13. Simple Epithelial 1. Squamous Flat Used in filtration
Rapid diffusion of gas into solution

14. Simple Epithelial
Simple Squamous Epithelial

15. Simple Epithelial
2. Cuboidal

16. Simple Epithelial 3. Columnar Column shaped
Free surface may have microvilli

17. Simple Epithelial
Simple Columnar Epithelial

18. Simple Epithelial
Simple columnar epithelial

19. Simple Epithelial 4.Pseudostratified
All cells attached to the basement membrane, may have cilia on the free surface

20. Stratified Epithelial
Passive diffusion is possible
Resistant to damage

21. Stratified Epithelial
1. Stratified Squamous
Skin
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Vocal chords
Esophagus
Vagina
Anus

22. Stratified Epithelial
Stratified Squamous Epithelial

24. Stratified Epithelial
2. Transitional
All squamous
Example:
Bladder – expands to hold up to 1 liter of fluid

25. Stratified Epithelial
Transitional

27. Glandular Epithelial First type: Endocrine: Ductless
Production of hormones released directly into the blood or lymph system

28. Glandular Epithelial Second type: Exocrine: Retain their ducts
Release of material on an epithelia membrane
Ex. Sweat, oil, mammary

29. Tissue Types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

30. Connective Tissue Most abundant and widely spread
Found in all parts of the body as a discrete structure or as a body organ

31. Connective Tissue Functions:
Protect – bones and adipose (insulate / pad)
Support - bones
Bind together – ligaments and tendons

32. Connective Tissue Characteristics 1. well vascularized
(few exceptions – cartilage / ligament / tendons)
2. composed of different types of cells
3. contains a matrix
(non living material between cells)

33. Connective Tissue Matrix: 1.Produced by the cells then extruded
2. Responsible for strength associated with the tissue
3. Consistency may range from liquid to semisolid to gel like to hard

34. Connective Tissue Hemopoietic and adipose –mostly cells
Matrix
4. Range
Hemopoietic and adipose –mostly cells
Dense – bone and cartilage – mostly matrix

35. Connective Tissue Collagenic (white) fibers 5. Matrix fibers
Elastic (yellow) fibers
Reticular (fine collagenic) fibers

36. Adipose connective tissue

37. Connective Tissue

38. Connective Tissue
Blood
Erythrocytes and one Leukocyte (monocyte)

39. Connective Tissue

40. Connective Tissue
Bone

41. Connective Tissue
Dense fibrous

42. Connective Tissue
Hyaline Cartilage

43. Connective Tissue

45. Tissue Types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

46. Muscular
Tissue that has the ability to contract and relax to provide movement through space.

47. Muscular Voluntary Types: Skeletal – attached to the skeleton
multinucleated
striated
Voluntary

48. Muscular
Teased Skeletal Muscle

49. Muscular Cardiac Muscle: 1. only found in the heart 2. Multinucleated
3. Striated
4. Intercalated disks at tight junctions

50. Muscular
Cardiac muscle / Involuntary

51. Muscular Smooth Muscle: Visceral
Found Inside the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.
Unlike the other two types of muscles
No striations & uninucleated

52. Muscular
Smooth muscle Teased

53. Muscular

55. Tissue Types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

56. Nervous Tissue Cells are called Neurons
Cell structure is unique from all other cells in the body
Cells migrate Used for the conduction of impulses
Length varies from 1mm to 1 meter

58. Nervous Tissue
Typical neural cell

59. Nervous Tissue
Lower brain stem

60. Nervous Tissue
Cerebral cortex