2. The Skeletal System 4
Lesson 4.1: Bone as a Living Tissue Lesson 4.2: The Axial Skeleton Lesson 4.3: The Appendicular Skeleton Lesson 4.4: Joints Lesson 4.5: Common Injuries and Disorders of the Skeletal System

3. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.1
Bone as a Living Tissue

4. Bone as a Living Tissue functions of the skeletal system
structures and classifications of bones
growth and development of bones
remodeling of bones

5. Functions of the Skeletal System
support
body framework
protection
surround organs
movement
muscles pull bones
storage
minerals
blood cell formation
red bone marrow in medullary cavity

6. Structures and Classifications of Bones
composition of bones
osteocytes–mature bone cells
organization of bones
cortical
trabecular

7. Shape Categories of Bones
long
short
flat
irregular

8. Anatomical Structure of Long Bones

9. Anatomical Structure of Long Bones

10. Growth and Development of Bones
osteoblasts
build bone tissue
osteoclasts
break down bone tissue
bone formation
ossification

11. Growth and Development of Bones
longitudinal growth
epiphyseal plate
circumferential growth
change in diameter
adult bone development
aging causes loss of bone mass

12. Remodeling of Bones hypertrophy of bones atrophy of bones
stronger bones
atrophy of bones
weaker bones

13. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: flat, osteocytes, osteoblasts, storage.
1. build bone tissue
2. one example of bone shape
3. a function of the skeletal system
4. mature bone cells

14. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.2
The Axial Skeleton

15. The Axial Skeleton
the skull
the vertebral column
the thoracic cage

16. The Axial Skeleton

17. The Skull the cranium the facial bones surround the brain
protect the front of the head

18. The Cranium frontal bone parietal bones (2) temporal bones (2)
occipital bones (2)
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone

19. The Facial Bones maxillary bones (2) palatine bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
lacrimal bones (2)
nasal bones (2)
vomer
inferior concha bones (2)
mandible

20. The Cranial and Facial Bones

21. The Vertebral Column regions of the spine curves of the spine cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
curves of the spine
cervical curve
thoracic curve
lumbar curve
sacral curve

22. Structures of the Vertebrae
the vertebral body
the vertebral arch
the transverse processes
the spinous process
the superior and inferior articular processes

23. Structures of the Vertebrae

24. Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
lordosis
kyphosis
scoliosis

25. The Intervertebral Discs
located between vertebrae
shock absorbers
allow flexibility

26. The Thoracic Cage sternum ribs manubrium body of the sternum
xiphoid process
ribs
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

27. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. All ribs are true ribs.
2. The facial bones surround the brain.
3. The sphenoid bone is part of the cranium.
4. There are 4 regions in the spine.
5. Intervertebral discs allow spinal flexibility.

28. The Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.3
The Appendicular Skeleton

29. The Upper Extremity the shoulder complex the arm scapula clavicle
humerus
radius
ulna

30. The Upper Extremity the wrist and hand carpals (8) metacarpals (5)
phalanges (14)

31. The Lower Extremity the pelvic girdle the leg ilium ischium pubis
femur
tibia
fibula
patella

32. The Lower Extremity the ankle and foot tarsals (7) metatarsals (5)
phalanges (14)

33. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: foot, shoulder complex, humerus, or pelvic girdle. 1. The proximal bone of the arm is the _______________. 2. The tarsals are found in the _______________. 3. The scapula and clavicle make up the _______________. 4. The ilium is part of the _______________.

34. Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.4
Joints

35. Categories of Joints immovable joints–synarthroses
slightly movable joints–amphiarthroses
freely movable joints–diarthroses

36. Immovable Joints sutures syndesmoses skull coracoacromial joint
distal tibiofibular joint

37. Slightly Movable Joints
synchondroses
sternocostal joint
epiphyseal plates
symphyses
vertebral joints
pubic symphysis

38. Freely Movable Joints

39. Freely Movable Joint Structures
bursae
tendon sheaths
articular tissues
articular fibrocartilage
tendons
ligaments

40. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: skull, diarthroses, amphiarthroses, synarthroses.
1. immovable joint
2. slightly movable joint
3. freely movable joint
4. sutures

41. Common Injuries and Disorders of the Skeletal System
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.5
Common Injuries and Disorders of the Skeletal System

42. Common Injuries and Disorders of the Skeletal System
common bone injuries
osteoporosis
common joint injuries
arthritis

43. Fractures
greenstick
stress
comminuted
spiral

44. Epiphyseal Injuries
epiphyseal plate
articular cartilage
apophysis

45. Osteoporosis low strength bones easily break age-related osteoporosis
the female athlete triad
disordered eating
amenorrhea
osteoporosis

46. Common Joint Injuries sprains dislocations bursitis
torn ligament or tendon
dislocations
bone displaced from socket
bursitis
inflammation of bursae

47. Arthritis rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis
immune system attacks joints
osteoarthritis
degeneration of articular cartilage

48. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. A torn ligament causes a sprain.
2. Low strength bones easily break.
3. Immune system attack causes amenorrhea.
4. Greenstick is a type of fracture.
5. Bursitis is an inflammation of bursae.