1. Lab 10: Reproductive System

2. Endocrine Review
What is the structure that transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland?
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

3. Digestive Review What 2 structures are linked by the esophagus?
Name two specialized structures in the digestive tract that increase the surface area available for reabsorption.

4. Announcements Next week- Final Lab Practical Review
Lab Reports Due Today
Final Lab Practical regular lab time two weeks from today.

5. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
What is sexual reproduction?
Compared to asexual reproduction
Advantages
Disadvantages

6. Chromosomes and “n” What is “n”?
Number of copies of each chromosome
Difference between “n” and chromosome number.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
Humans are 2n
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes

7. Gametes and Zygotes Gametes Zygote 1N sex cells Product of meiosis
2N fusion of gametes
Product of fertilization

8. Meiosis vs Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis Reduction division
Sexual division and formation of gametes
Mitosis
Somatic cell division
Chromosome “n” number same in starting cell and end products

9. Sex organs and characteristics
Primary Sex Organs
Secondary Sex Organs
Secondary Sex Characteristics

10. Overview- Male Reproductive Anatomy
Testis
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Prostate Gland
Seminal Vesicle
Bulbourethral Gland
Penis
Urethra
Glans Penis

11. Male Reproductive System

12. Scrotum Testis Epididymis Vas deferens Produce Sperm
Stores Sperm and allows to mature
Vas deferens
Connects epididymis to the seminal vessicles
Smooth muscles transport sperm to pelvic cavity

13. Semen Semen: fluid ejaculated by the male Components:
Sperm: 10% of semen
Prostrate Gland: 30% of semen
Seminal vesicle: 60% of semen
Secretions from the Bulbourethral gland
Secretes fluid that lubricates tip of penis
Neutralizes acid pH from urine

14. Penis Penis Urethra Glans penis Delivers semen to the vagina
Tube that delivers semen out of body
What other system is this a part of???
Glans penis
Swollen head of the penis

15. Erection Cause Activator Increase Blood Flow / Vasodilation
Sexual simulation
Nitric Oxide stimulates vasodilation

16. Overview- Female Reproductive System
Ovary
Fimbriae
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina

17. Female Reproductive System
Uterus
Uterine tubes
Ovary
Vagina

18. Egg development and Transport
Ovary
Female gonads produce eggs
Fimbriae
Feathery projections connect ovary to the uterine tube
Uterine Tube
Delivers egg to the uterus

19. Uterus Thick muscular chamber Fertilized egg will attach to wall
Harbors embryo
Provides nutrition to embryo
Expels fetus
3 layers: perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

20. Birth Canal Cervix Vagina Cylindrical inferior end of Uterus
Receptor for the penis

21. Dynamic Human CD
Anatomy

22. Spermatogenesis Primordial Germ Cell Mitosis
Type A and Type B spermatogonium
Type A retained
Type B passes over blood-testis barrier and becomes Primary spermatocyte

23. Spermatogenesis Primary spermatocyte Meiosis I Secondary spermatocyte
Meiosis II
Spermatids
Spermatogenesis
Spermatozoa

24. Spermatogenesis

25. Oogenesis One cell type (Primary oocyte) 2n Meiosis first division
Secondary Oocyte (1n)
Polar body 1n (Degrades)

26. Secondary Oocyte No fertilization Fertilization
Gets half way through meiosis 2 and dies
Fertilization
Meiosis second division completes
Egg 1n (to be fertilized)
Polar body 1n (Degrades)

27. Oogenesis

28. Summary of Gamete Formation
Spermatogenesis
1 primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatozoa
Oogenesis
1 primary oocyte produces 1 egg and two lost polar bodies

29. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Dynamic Human CD
Spermatogenesis
and
Oogenesis

30. Ovarian Cycle (Egg maturation)
Follicular
Lasts about 14 days
First 3-5 days  menstruation
Developing oocytes held in follicle, polar bodies die
Ovulation
Day 14
Oocyte released from follicle
Luteal
About 14 days
Oocyte held in corpus luteum

31. Ovarian Cycle

32. Menstrual Cycle Proliferative Secretory Menstration
Rebuilding of endometrial tissue by mitosis
Secretory
Thickening of endometrial tissue caused by secretion of nutrient-rich fluid
Menstration
Blood, serous fluid and tissue discharge

33. Menstrual Cycle

34. Breast Cancer Cancer of the lymphatic vessels of the breast Caused by:
Excess weight
Smoking
Alcohol
Heredity
Treatment
Lumpectomy
Partial mastectomy
Total mastectomy

35. Circumcision Prepuce is removed from Glans penis
Done for hygienic reasons
Largely deemed unnecessary today
Although???

36. Sterilization Males Vasectomy Females Tubal ligation
Vas deferens severed
Females
Tubal ligation
Division of uterine tubes

37. Cat dissection Sex the cat Female Male Scrotum Testes Ovary
Uterine horns
Body of uterus
Male
Scrotum
Testes
Carefully remove the connective tissue surrounding the testes epididymis
 vas deferens
- Penis

38. Review Reproductive anatomy Meiosis and Gamete formation
Identification of anatomy of cats
Lab Practical Review Next Week during normal lab time.
Final Lab Practice two weeks from today