1. Phylum Annelida

2. Terrestrial, marine, freshwater. Repeating segments. Triploblastic. True coelomates – complete gut. Closed circulatory system. Well developed nervous system. Respiratory organs. Protostome development. Metamerism (unspecialized) segmentation. One or more pairs of setae.

4. Phylum Annelida Ancestral Traits –Coelomate –Lophotrochozoan- non-molting protostomes –Protostome –Closed circulatory system –Cephalization Derived Traits –Segmentation Metamerism Septa –Setae Bristles –Myelinated neurons ~ 40K species of annelids Spirobranchus giganteus Christmas tree worm

5. Systems IntegumentIntegument- epidermis is one cell layer with mucous gland that secrete a moist cuticle. SkeletalSkeletal -hydrostatic (using coelom) MuscleMuscle- longitudinal and circular muscles Each segments muscles are independent of the other segments. DigestiveDigestive- complete, complex, with absorption and digestive glands and excretory cells.

6. Systems (continue) ExcretoryExcretory- a pair of nephridia per segment. RespiratoryRespiratory -through skin, some through parapodia; tubeworms have gills. CirculatoryCirculatory- closed system, use hemoglobin as oxygen carrier. NervousNervous- dorsal brain; ventral, double, solid nerve cord, with ganglia in each segment. EndocrineEndocrine- hormones secreted by nervous system. ReproductiveReproductive- –Dioecious in Polychaeta; no special organs, posterior end becomes gonads. –Monoecious in Oligochaeta and Hirudinea; Clitellium.

7. Annelid Taxonomy Phylum Annelida (an-nel-i-da) –Class Polychaeta (poly-key-ta) Nereis, Aphrodita, Chaetopterus, Arenicola, AmphitriteNereisAphroditaChaetopterus, Arenicola, Amphitrite –Class Clitellata –Subclass Oligochaeta (ol-e-go-key-ta) Lumbricus, TubifexLumbricus –Subclass Hirudinea (hi-ru-din-e-a) Hirudo, leechHirudo Earthworm dissection

8. Annelid Taxomony Class Polychaeta (many bristles) –most numerous # species –marine Hermodice crunculata

9. Annelid Taxomony Class Polychaeta Class Clitellata –Subclass Oligochaeta (few bristles) Freshwater, marine & terrestrial Lumbricus terrestris

10. Annelid Taxomony Class Polychaeta Class Clitellata –Subclass Oligochaeta –Subclass Hirudinea Fixed # segments (34) Setae absent Hirudo medicinalis

11. Annelid Phylogeny

12. Annelid Body Plan Setae

13. Class Polychaeta Highly specialized head regions –Antennae –Sensory palps –Feeding appendages Paired extensions of body (parapodia) Often tube-dwelling –Burrow into substrate and secrete mucus/ CO 3 materials Bispira bunnea sabellid worm Spirobrancheus giganteus

14. Polychaete Anatomy http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/9093 134/Pictures-of-the-day-20-February-2012.html

15. Parapodia with setae

16. Polychaete Anatomy (cross section)

17. Polychaeta Amphitrite

18. Polychaeta Lugworm (Arenicola sp)

19. Polychaeta

20. Parchement worm

21. Clade-Siboglinidae Ridgea sp Riftia pachyptila

22. Giant tube worms (Vestimentifera) Riftia pachyptila trophosome http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Polychaete/by/rank/all

23. Polychaete Reproduction Most are dioecious-few monoecious Some asexually but sexually more common Trochophore larvae Some species develop specialized segments containing gametes –Epitokes –Segments are released and gametes burst out

24. Polychaete Asexual Reproduction Epitokes are essentially buds Clues to ancestral origin of segmentation –Segmentation may have been derived from incomplete budding processes

25. Typosyllis nipponica Samoan palolo worm Palola viridis

26. Class Oligochaeta

27. Phylum Annelida 27 Class Oligochaeta Defining characteristics –Pronounced cylindrical glandular region of the body = clitellum Second largest class in the phylum Annelida Most spp. are earthworms, very few are marine

28. Phylum Annelida 28 Polychaetes and Oligochaetes Oligochaetes differ from polychaetes in several ways: –No parapods, fewer setae (if at all) –Hermaphroditic with sex cells produced in a separate section –No larval stages Giant Gippsland earthworm

29. Oligochaete Anatomy

31. Setae: a.k.a. Bristles

32. Oligochaete Reproduction

33. Oligochaete Development For terrestrial oligochaetes, development is direct without any larval forms Some aquatic oligochaetes retain a trochophore-like larval stage http://www.naturewatch.ca/english/wormwatch/resources/anatomy.html Site for earthworm anatomy:

34. Quick and Easy Earthworm Morphology Guide Aporrectodea turgida Lumbricus rubellus -Earthworms can be classified by size, burrowing habits, and color -Number, location and pattern of genital tumescences (GT) and tubercular pubertatis (TP) -Location & shape of clitellum

35. Common Terrestrial Oligochaetes: Earthworms Eisenia foetida Redworm Octagonal Tail Worm Dendrobaena octaedra http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/oligochaeta.html This link shows diversity of Oligochaetes!

36. Earthworm Dissection Return to taxonomy Cross section

37. Aquatic Oligocheates

38. Phylum Annelida 38 Subclass Hirudinea Defining characteristics –Posterior sucker Predominately freshwater, but do occur in all seas and moist soil Leeches do not burrow, lack parapods and setae Clitellum only visible during breeding

39. Horse leech-actually feeds on small worms Haemopis sanguisuga Great Amazon Leech Haementaria ghiliani

40. Subclass Hirudinea

41. Phylum Annelida 41 Leech Anatomy Anterior sucker is small and contains the mouth –Anterior sucker creates a wound with saw like jaws Leeches drink other animals’ blood, usually vertebrates –Can be carnivores, or scavengers; leeches are not set in their feeding habits

42. Hirudo medicinalis More leech info: http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/hirundinae.html

43. Phylum Annelida 43 Blood Sucker The salivary glands excrete hirudin which prevents the blood from coagulating –May also secrete an anaesthetic and substance to dilate small blood vessels Blood is broken down by symbiotic bacteria that is then used by the leeches Leeches were commonly used in the 19th century for bloodletting –Recent medical uses are to relieve pressure after vascular tissue is damaged –Snake bites or the reattachment of a finger or ear

44. Phylum Annelida 44 Leech Reproduction Leeches are simultaneous hermaphrodites that lack a free-living larvae stage Fertilization is internal through copulation Development occurs in a cocoon similar to the Oligochaetes