1. Alignment of Virginia Kindergarten through Grade 5 SOL, Essential Skills (Cognitive Domain) and Instructional/Assessment Strategies Purpose: The intended purpose of this correlation is to align the context of the Standards of Learning with the cognitive domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This document provides teachers and administrators with a starting point for planning for the instruction and assessment of each standard. Teachers and administrators are encouraged to use the question cues and the research-based strategies from Classroom Instruction that Works and Transforming Classroom Grading to plan instructional and assessment activities that focus student behaviors and thinking in the appropriate cognitive domain. Prepared for the Virginia Instructional Specialists by Daniel Mulligan, Ed. D. 2007–2008

2. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA K.1, K.2, K.7, K.8, K.11 K.1, K.2, K.5, K.7, K.9, K.10, K.11, K.13 K.2, K.4, K.11, K.14, K.15 K.3, K.4, K.10, K.11, K.12, K.13, K.14, K.15, K.16, K.17 K.6, K.15, K.16, K.18K.18 Math: K Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

3. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.10, 1.16 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15 1.1, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.14, 1.17, 1.18 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 1.16, 1.19, 1.21 1.19, 1.21 MATH: 1 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

4. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.11, 2.12, 2.15, 2.17, 2.18, 2.23 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 2.10, 2.11, 2.14, 2.16, 2.18, 2.19, 2.24, 2.22, 2.26 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.22, 2.23 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.20, 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25 2.9, 2.21, 2.25, 2.262.23, 2.24 MATH: 2 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

5. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.7, 3.9, 3.11, 3.12, 3.14, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.23, 3.25 3.3, 3.3, 3.6, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.15, 3.16, 3.18, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.10, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.17, 3.19, 3.21 3.1, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.18, 3.20, 3.21, 3.23, 3.24 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 3.10, 3.21, 3.24 3.8, 3.14, 3.22 MATH: 3 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

6. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.22 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.17, 4.18, 4.21 4.2, 4.3, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13 4.15, 4.16, 4.18, 4.19 4.10, 4.13, 4.14, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22 4.4, 4.11, 4.6, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.20 MATH: 4 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

7. Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report NNS CE M G PS PFA 5.1, 5.9, 5.10, 5.15, 5.16 5.1, 5.2, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.13, 5.15, 5.16, 5.18, 5.20 5.4, 5.13, 5.17, 5.18 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.10, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15, 5.6, 5.17, 5.21, 5.22 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19 5.20, 5.21, 5.22 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.11, 5.18 MATH: 5 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

8. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing K.1, K.4, K.5, K.6, K.7, K.8 K.1, K.2, K.3, K.4, K.5, K.6, K.7, K.8, K.9, K.10, K.11, K.12 K.1, K.2, K.6, K.8, K.10, K.12 K.2, K.4, K.8, K.11 K.7, K.8 ENGLISH: K Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

9. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.10, 1.11 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.121.4, 1.8, 1.9, 1.121.6 ENGLISH: 1 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

10. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing 2.8, 2.112.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11,2.12 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.12 2.1, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.11 ENGLISH: 2 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

11. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing 3.5, 3.83.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.10 3.11 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.7, 3.10, 3.11 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.9, 3.10 3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9, 3.10 3.2, 3.4, 3.9 ENGLISH: 3 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

12. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing 4.2, 4.44.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7 4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 4.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.84.1, 4.5, 4.6, 4.8 ENGLISH: 4 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008

13. Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement RecallRelateConnectCreate Cognitive Domain KnowledgeComprehensionApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation Question Cues who, what, when, where, choose, find, how, define, label, show, list, name, relate, recall, select compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, illustrate, outline, rephrase, summarize, show, classify apply, build, construct, develop, interview, plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify analyze, categorize, dissect, divide, examine, distinguish, infer, conclude, hypothesize build, choose, combine, compile, construct, create, design, develop, imagine, invent, propose, solve, suppose, modify, improve, adapt, test, change criticize, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, recommend, interpret, prioritize, criteria, prove, assess, decide, support, importance, estimate Research- Based Instructional Strategies Similarities & Differences Questions, Cues, & Advance Organizers Homework & Practice Nonlinguistic Representation Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Questions, Cues & Advance Organizers Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Cooperative Learning Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Generating & Testing Hypotheses Similarities & Differences Summarizing & Note Taking Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback Nonlinguistic Representation Generating & Testing Hypotheses Summarizing & Note Taking Cooperative Learning Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition Research- Based Assessment Strategies Forced-Choice Short Written Response Forced-Choice Short Written Response Essay Performance Assessment Essay Teacher Observation Forced Choice Essay Short Written Response Performance Assessment Essay Oral report Student Self-Assessment Essay Performance Assessment Teacher Observation Oral Report Oral Reading Writing 5.95.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 5.9 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 5.1, 5.3, 5.6 ENGLISH: 5 Dan Mulligan, 2007-08 2007-2008