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Published bySienna Ellithorpe Modified over 10 years ago
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History Greeks and Romans Hippocrates ~ 400 BC Aristotle ~ 350 BC The Alexandrians ~ after 300 BC Galen ~ 200 AD –Diseases have a natural cause. mechanism: imbalance of the four humors –sanguine, choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic –Anatomy and Physiology (structure and function / machine and mechanism) are related to each other.
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History Fall of the Western Roman Empire Dark Ages in Europe Islamic Contributions –Preserved and improved on Greek and Roman science Arabic numerals Arabic words –Al-gebra –Al-cohol –Cotton »Al-godon
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St. Basil - Moscow Taj Mahal - India St. Sophia – 6 th Century A.D. Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) Byzantine Greek http://www.callisto.si.usherb.ca/~croisade/IMAGES/Hagia_sophia.jpg http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/TWalls1068/page4/Basil.JPG http://designbuild.construction.com/MasterBuilders/0600MB.asp
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History Renaissance –Translation of Greek classics into Latin –Human Dissection Vesalius – physician / anatomist - 1543
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History 18 th, 19 th and 20 th Centuries –Chemistry 1828 – Wöhler synthesizes urea Today – Genetic Engineering, Cloning
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–Cell Theory Late 17 th C. – Robert Hooke and Antony Van Leeuwenhoek –Cells seen in microscopes. 1830’s – Schleiden and Schwann –The cell is the basic unit of life for all plants and animals. 1850’s Virchow [plus Pasteur] –All cells come from other cells. Late 1800’s – light microscope perfected (1000 x magnification) 1950’s – electron microscope perfected ( >100,000 x magnification)
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Medical Terminology Anatomy = study of structure (the machine) ana = “up”; tomy = to cut anatomy = to cut up, to dissect [Greek based] [Latin based] Physiology = study of function (the mechanism) physio = nature; logy = study of [same root as physics] Normal function requires energy. The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics apply.
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Medical Terminology Homeostasis = normal operating condition steady state (dynamic) –homeo: similar to cf. homo: same as [Nicene Creed ~ 400 A.D.] –stasis: standing / condition “The various physiologic arrangements which serve to restore the normal state once it has been disturbed.” – W.B. Cannon
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