3. ES CELLS WERE MAINTAINED IN SERUM - FREE CULTURE WITHOUT FEEDER CELLS. ES CELLS WERE PLATED ONTO GELATIN - COATED PLATES IN N2B MEDIUM AND WERE PASSAGED EVERY 2–4 DAYS. D ISSOCIATED CELLS WERE HARVESTED IN N2B MEDIUM, PELLETED, RESUSPENDED IN N2B AND REPLATED DIRECTLY.

5. FROM NEW JERSEY, USA TO SCOTLAND. TOTAL COST FOR TWO MONTHS OF WORK, TRAVEL AND REAGENTS : $10,000 TO LEARN ONE EXPERIMENT.

6. SOURCE : BAYER. 2011 PROJECT TESTING 67 STUDIES PUBLISHED IN REPUTABLE SCIENCE JOURNALS.

7. P OSITION THE METAPHASE SPINDLE AT 3 O ’ CLOCK AND HOLD IT WITH HOLDING PIPETTE. A PPLY PIEZO PULSES TO PENETRATE THE ZONA PELLUCIDA. T OUCH THE METAPHASE PLATE WITH THE ENUCLEATION PIPETTE. A SPIRATE THE SPINDLE AND WITHDRAW THE PIPETTE.

16. S TANFORD U NIVERSITY N ATIONAL I NSTITUTES OF H EALTH B OSTON U NIVERSITY P RINCETON U NIVERSITY T UFTS U NIVERSITY Y ALE U NIVERSITY S ALK I NSTITUTE U NIVERSITY OF T ORONTO U NIVERSITY OF C HICAGO UCLA D ARTMOUTH C OLLEGE C ORNELL U NIVERSITY E MORY U NIVERSITY W EIZMANN I NSTITUTE N ORTHWESTERN U NIVERSITY K ING ’ S C OLLEGE L ONDON

18. SUBSCRIBERS : UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES AND PHARMA / BIOTECH COMPANIES

20. P URDUE U NIVERSITY W EST L AFAYETTE, I NDIANA, USA E STABLISHED M AY 6, 1869 40,000 STUDENTS 8,100 POSTGRADUATES 5 S CIENCE D EPARTMENTS 100+ R ESEARCH L ABORATORIES J O VE SUBSCRIBER SINCE 2010

21. D R. T HERESA C ASEY, A SSISTANT P ROFESSOR IN THE D EPARTMENT OF A NIMAL S CIENCES AT P URDUE U NIVERSITY P H.D. FROM U NIVERSITY OF V ERMONT P RACTICING RESEARCHER FOR 20 YEARS 19 PUBLISHED PAPERS IN PEER R ESEARCH INTERESTS : MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT AND LACTATION

22. D R. C ASEY ’ S PROBLEM : “ HOW DO WE ISOLATE THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI THROUGH SURGERY ?” D R. C ASEY DISCOVERED THAT ACTIVITY OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENES CHANGED DURING THE TRANSITION FROM PREGNANCY TO LACTATION IN OTHER TISSUES. C IRCADIAN CLOCK IS GOVERNED BY THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS ( SCN ) IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AREA OF THE BRAIN. N EED TO LEARN TO DISSECT THE SCN BRAIN AREA USING SURGERY.

23. D R. C ASEY ’ S SOLUTION : UTILIZE A J O VE VIDEO ARTICLE AS A PRODUCTIVITY TOOL SLICE PREPARATION, ORGANOTYPIC TISSUE CULTURING AND LUCIFERASE RECORDING OF CLOCK GENE ACTIVITY IN THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS. SAVELYEV ET AL, 2011, J O VE (KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE)

24. T HE RESULTS : USING J O VE SAVES RESEARCHERS AND UNIVERSITIES BOTH MONEY AND TIME. F OR RESEARCHERS : D R. C ASEY SPENT TWO WEEKS TO LEARN THE EXPERIMENT. W ITHOUT J O VE IT WOULD HAVE TAKEN HER TWO MONTHS. S AVED SIX WEEKS OF WORK TIME AND $15,000 IN RESEARCH FUNDS ($7,700 REAGENTS, $1,100 TRAVEL AND $6,200 SALARY ) F OR UNIVERSITIES : I F ONLY 10% OF THE 100+ LABORATORIES AT PURDUE COULD BENEFIT FROM A SUBSCRIPTION TO J O VE, SAVINGS OF $150,000 OR MORE COULD BE REALIZED. ROI = A MINIMUM OF 500%

25. “I’ve been doing research for 20 years, and having JoVE makes things so much easier. You can educate yourself on research other scientists are doing around you and get familiarized on a technique before you try it.” - Dr. Theresa Casey