1. The joints of the bones of limbs SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

2. 一、The joint of upper limb

3. （一）The joints of shoulder girdle
1、Sternoclavicular Joint ：
Composition:
Sternal end of clavicle Clavicular notch of sternum
Characteristic： ，
articular disc
Articular disc

4. （一）The joints of shoulder girdle
Movements:
forwards and backwards (20-30°)
elevation and depression (60°)
circumduction

5. 2、Acromioclavicular Joint
Composition:
3、Coracoacromial Ligament
coracoacromial lig.
coracoid process
Acromion
Coracoacromial arch ：
Coracoacromial Ligament
acromion
coracoid process

6. （二）The joints of free upper limb
1、 Shoulder Joint
head of humerus
glenoid cavity of scapula
Composition ：
Characteristic：
Glenoid cavity
Head of humorus
肱骨头

7. Accessory structures
Glenoid labrum :
Coracohumeral ligament

8. Movements:
flexion and extention,
adduction , abduction,
medial and lateral rotation,
circumduction

9. 2、 Elbow Joint
Composition:
① Humeroulnar joint ： formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch
② Humeroradial joint ： formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius
③ Proximal radioulnar joint：formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna

10. Ulnar collacteral ligament
Character:
①capsule:
②ligament ：
Radial collacteral ligament 、
Ulnar collacteral ligament 、
Annular ligament of radius
Radial collacteral
ligament
Ulnar collacteral ligament
Annular ligament
of radius

11. Movements: flexion and extension, pronation supination

12. 3、Joints between radius and ulna
（1）Interosseous membrane of forearm
（2）Proximal radioulnar joint
（3）Distal radioulnar joint
movement
Pronation supination

13. 4、Joints of Hand （1）Radiocarpal Joint
Articular fossa——Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna
Composion
Articular head——Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiform
Characteristic：
Capsule is lax and strengthened by surrounding ligament
Movements：
flexion， extension，
adduction ，abduction
circumduction

14. 4、Joints of Hand （2）Intercarpal joints （3）Carpometacarpal joints：
Carpometacarpal joint of thum
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Composition: trapezium and base of first metacarpal
Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition

15. （4）Metacarpophalangeal joints
（5）Interphalangeal joints

16. 二、Joints of Lower limb

17. （一） The joints of pelvic girdle
1、 Sacroiliac Joint ：
Composition auricular surface of ilium
auricular surface of sacrum

18. greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic foramen
（1）Sacrotuberous Ligament
（2）Sacrospinous Ligament
greater sciatic foramen
lesser sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen
Sacrospinous Ligament
lesser sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous Ligament

19. 3、Pubic Symphysis 4、 Obturator Membrane symphysial surface
interpubic disc
Composition:
interpubic disc

20. 5、 Pelvis
Composition:
paired hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
portions:
greater pelvis
lesser pelvis
terminal line

21. Terminal line ：formed by
promontory of sacrum, arcuate line,
pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle,
upper border of pubic symphysis
lesser pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
tip of coccyx,
sacrotuberous ligament,
ischial tuberosity,
ramus of ischium,
inferior ramus of pubissymphysis

22. 6. Main difference between male and femal pelvis
female
Male
Wide and short
Narrow and long
Overall
Right angle
(90~1000 )
Acute angle
(70~750)
Subpubic angle
Round
Oval or heart shaped
Inlet
Shallower, wide
Deep ，narrow
Pelvic cavity
Larger
Small
Outlet

23. (二）joints of free lower limb
1、 Hip Joint
(1) Composition：
Acetabulum
femoral head
(2) Characteristic：
① acetabulum labrum ②
Articular capsule attachments:

24. ③ ligaments：
iliofemoral ligament
Ligament of head of femur
transverse acetebular ligament
Pubofemoral lig.
Ischiofemoral ligament

25. (3) movement： Flexion Extention Addution Abdution
Medial and lateral rotation
Circumdution

26. 2、Knee Joint (1) Composition： (2) Characteristic： ① ligaments ：
patellar lig.
Fibular collateral lig.
TibiaL collateral lig
Cruciate lig. Of knee
anterior cruciate lig.
posterior cruciate lig.

27. (2) Characteristic： 2、Knee Joint ② meniscus medial meniscus：C
Lateral meniscus：O
③synovial membrane:
Suprapatellar bursa
Alar folds

28. (3) movements：
flexion、extention，

29. 3、joints between tibia and fibula
Tibiofibular joint
Crural interosseous membrane
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular lig.

30. （1）talocrural jiont （ Ankle Joint ）
4、Joints of Foot
（1）talocrural jiont （ Ankle Joint ）
fibula
Composition
Distal end of tibia and fibula
Trochlea of talus
Characteristic:
tibia
Talus
Medial lig.
Lateral lig.
Movement :
dorsiflexion
Plantaflexion

31. （2） Intertarsal joint
Transverse tarsal joint
Calcaneocuboid joint talocalcaneonavicular joint
Movements:
inversion
eversion

32. （3）Tarsometatarsal joint
（4）Intermetatarsal joint
（5）Metatarsophalangeal joint
（6） Interphalangeal joint

33. 5、Arch of foot ： Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch

38. supination
pronation

44. Interphalangeal joint
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Tarsometatarsal joint

46. Tibial collateral ligament Patellar ligament Fibular Collateral

47. Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligment •

48. Medial meniscus
lateral meniscus

49. Myology
Introduction
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle 

50. Muscles of head
Muscles of neck
Muscles of trunk
Muscles of upper limb
Muscles of lower loimb

51. Shape and structure of skeletal muscles
Long muscle
Short muscle
Flate muscle
Orbicular muscle
aponeurosis
Structure:
Muscle Belly
Tendon
Tendinous intersections

52. 二 、The origin , insertion and function

53. （一）Fascia
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
（二）Synovial Bursa

54. （三） Tendinous Sheath
Fibrous layer
Synovial layer mesotendon

55. Synovial cyst of wrist