2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Causes of the War

4. M.A.I.N M ilitarism= the development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy A lliance System= countries form alliances with one another to help provide international security I mperialism= building of empires by extending their economic & political control over various peoples around the world N ationalism= the devotion to the interests & culture of one’s nation

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. The “ Spark ”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family Heir to the Austrian throne

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo June 1914 shot and killed while visiting Bosnian capital Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist) Gavrilo Princip (Serbian nationalist)

17. Who’s To Blame?

18. The Schlieffen Plan -Germany invades Belgium Aug. 3, 1914 -Invade Belgium, then onto Paris, France, then Russia

19. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

21. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

22. A Multi-Front War

23. The Western Front

24. Trench Warfare

25. “No Man’s Land”

26. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

27. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

28. War Is HELL !!

29. Sacrifices in War

30. America Joins the Allies

31. Americans are Divided Socialists - criticize war as capitalist & imperialist Pacifists - belief that war was evil & America needs to set an example of peace to rest of world Home Country Ties - many sympathized with the country in which they had emigrated from Economic Ties - most tied to Allied Powers, less to Germany Outcome: Remain NEUTRAL

32. War Hits Home -British blockade German coast -German U-Boats counter-blockade Outcome : American ships & civilians caught in middle May 1915 British liner Lusitania sunk (128 Americans die) August 1915 British liner Arabic sunk (2 American die) March 1916 French liner Sussex sunk (5 Americans die )

33. War is inevitable……. -Woodrow Wilson is re-elected in 1916 -January 1917 calls for “a peace without vicotory…..a peace between equals” -Germany ignores Wilson’s call for peace -January 31…. Kaiser Wilhelm declares Germany will resume “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” in British waters

34. The Zimmerman Telegram -German foreign minister sends telegram to German ambassador in Mexico -Suggested Mexico declare war with U.S. and Germany would support them in alliance

35. The Yanks Are Coming! April 1917 The Yanks Are Coming! April 1917

36. Americans in the Trenches

37. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

38. French Renault Tank

39. British Tank at Ypres

40. U-Boats

41. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

42. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

43. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

44. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

45. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

46. The Zeppelin

47. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

48. Poison Gas Machine Gun

49. “ Art ” of World War I

50. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

51. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

52. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

53. World War I Casualties