1. Highway and Traffic Engineering
Overview of Transportation Engineering
Dr. Wael Awad, Fall 08/09
Source: Professor Jessica Guo, Wisconsin University.

2. What is TRANSPORTATION?

3. Transportation A B
Movement of persons and goods over space

4. Transportation Environment Control System Engineering Users / Content
Education
Enforcement
Engineering
Infrastructure
Vehicle / Service
Users / Content
Environment

5. Share of total passengers or tons-km
Users / Content
People  Passenger Transportation
Goods  Freight Transportation
Commuting
Shopping
Recreation
Share of total passengers or tons-km
Waste disposal
Local distribution
Trade
Energy & Raw Materials
Freight
Business
Tourism Migration
Passengers
Distance
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

6. Users / Content Passengers Freight
Board, get off and transfer without assistance
Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred
Process information and act on it without assistance
The information must be processed through logistics managers
Make choices between means of transport often irrationally
Logistics managers make choices between means of transport rationally
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

7. Vehicles / Services

8. Infrastructure

9. Control System

10. Evolution of Transportation
1800
1900
1950
Docks
Locks
Rails
Omnibus
Steam engine
Electric motor
Balloons
Dirigibles
Iron
hulls
Internal combustion engine
Metro
Tramway
Automobile
Liners
Bicycles
Planes
Trucks
Buses
Electric
car
Hydrogen
Airfoils
Super
tankers
TGV
Maglev
Jet engine
Jet Plane
Container
ships
Helicopters
Bulk ships
Highways
Jumbo Jet
2000
Maritime
Road
Rail
Air

11. Evolution of Transportation
Average speed of wagon and sail
ships: 16 km/hr
Average speed of trains: 100 km/hr.
Average speed of steamships: 25 km/hr
1950 Average speed of airplanes: km/hr
1970 Average speed of jet planes: km/hr
1990 Numeric transmission: instantaneous
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.

12. Evolution of Transportation
1000
Jet Plane
Road
Rail
750
Maritime
Air
500
HST
Propeller Plane
250
Automobile
100
Rail
Stage Coach 50
Liner
Clipper Ship
Containership
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000

13. Contemporary Challenges

14. Transportation Transportation Multi-User Multi-Scale Multi-Modal
Multi-Impacts
Transportation

15. What is TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ?

16. Transportation Engineering
One of the specialty areas of civil engineering
Development of facilities for the movement of goods and people
Planning, design, operation and maintenance
Multidisciplinary study

17. Transportation Engineering

18. Transportation Engineering
“For millions of Americans, girding for gridlock is a teeth teeth-grinding daily ritual. And with more cars on the road every day, engineers and other professionals trained to reduce traffic congestion are finding plenty of job opportunities”
“PAY AND PERKS: $45,000 to $150,000. Producing tangible change is a source of job satisfaction for many.”
U.S. News and World Report, February 18, 2002

19. Highways and Highway Components
Highway Transportation Characteristics

20. Outline Functional classification of roads Road functions
Hierarchical structure of road networks
Mobility vs. accessibility
Mobility vs. transportation mode
Highway components
Cross-sections
Highway plan and profile
Interchanges
Rural and urban intersections

21. Transportation System
Definition of Transportation Modes
A transportation system is an infrastructure that serves to move people and goods efficiently. The transportation system consists of fixed facilities, flow entities, and a control component.
Efficient = safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, environmentally compatible.

22. Transportation System
Major transportation subsystems
Land transportation: highway, rail
Air transportation: domestic, international
Water transportation: inland, coastal, ocean
Pipelines: oil, gas, other

23. Highway Transportation System
Fixed facilities: roads, intersections, interchanges, service stations, etc.
Flow entities: passenger cars, buses, trucks, pedestrians, etc.
Control component: highway administration, local transportation agencies, transportation engineering.

24. Highway Transportation Engineering
Definition
The application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation.
Areas of highway transportation engineering:
Planning of streets and highways
Geometric design of road facilities
Traffic operations and control
Traffic safety
Maintenance of road facilities and controls

25. Mobility
Road Functions
Accessibility

26. Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks
Rural
Urban

27. Mobility vs. Accessibility
Road Class
Road Function
Freeways
Through movement exclusively
Surface Arterials
Through movement primary and some land access
Collectors
Traffic movement to higher rank roads, access to abutting properties
Local Roads
Access to abutting land and local traffic movement

28. Hierarchical Structure of Road Networks

29. Mobility vs. Accessibility

30. Mobility vs. Transportation Mode

31. Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity
capacity in veh/h =
capacity in veh/h/lane x number of lanes
capacity in persons/h =
capacity in veh/h x average vehicle occupancy

32. Mobility vs. Transportation Mode Capacity
Facility
Vehicles/hr
Persons/hr
Three-lane urban freeway
2,000 x 3 = 6,000
6,000 x 1.7 = 10,200
Three-lane urban arterial
800 x 3 = 2,400
2,400 x 1.7 = 4,080
One lane of buses
100 x 1 =100
100 x 80 = 8,000
One track of light rail
19,000
One track of heavy rail
40,000

33. Highway Components Cross-section

34. Highway Components Highway plan and profile

35. Highway Components Urban Intersections

36. Highway Components Rural Intersections

37. Highway Components Interchanges