2. SC 441 PHYSICS LAB Presentation The Simple Harmonic Motion New York City College of Technology Student: Hao Wu Professor: Roman Kezerashvili Dec.20.2002

3. Objectives: ` To study the simple harmonic motion by investigating the period of oscillation of a spring.  To determine the force constant K of the spring for one spring and two spring series.

4. Equipment Equipment: e.Two springs e.Photogate accessories e.Set of masses e.Science Workshop Interface box .Triple-beam balance

5. Theory: The Newton’s second law: F = ma m is mass (kg) a is acceleration of motion(m/s ² ) The Hook’s law: F = -kx k is force constant for spring (N/m) x is the displacement of spring (m)

6. F = ma = - kx a = - kx / m K = 4 л²(M + m s /3)/T² \ M is mass of applied force (kg) \ m s is mass of spring(kg) [ T is the time period (s) K = ( k1 k2 ) / ( k1+k2 ) \ k is the force constant of the spring system \ k1 is the force constant of the spring1 \ k2 is the force constant of the spring2

7. Diagram of simple harmonic motion use spring

8. Procedure: k Hangs the masses m on the spring that is larger than spring mass. k Pull down the spring with masses,and pass through the photogages,then release it smoothly. k After 10 cycles of the oscillation, stop the spring and record mean values of period T and frequency f. k Increase the hanging masses and repeat the above processes, record the data as masses are 0.2, 0.3, 0.35, 0.37 and 0.4 kg. k Use spring 2 and spring series which is two spring connected each other repeat the above processes.

9. Table 1. Data for Spring 1 Mass of spring is 0.181 kg

10. Graphic of Spring 1

11. Computing results for spring 1 Mean value of k from experiment 8.6 is 8.6 (N/m) Liner function y = ax + b a = k / 4 л² K = 4 л² Slope K from the slope of graph 9.07 is 9.07 (N/m) 1.3 Difference 1.3%

12. Table 2. Data for Spring 2 Mass of spring is 0.035 kg

13. Table 3. Data of Springs in series Mass of springs is 0.216 kg

14. Calculation results for Table 2 and Table 3 Spring 2 Mean value for k is 34.9 (N/m) K from the slope of graph 28.64 (N/m) Difference 4.9% Spring Series Mean value for k is 6.5 (N/m) K from the slope of graph 7.0 (N/m) K from the k=(k1k2)/(k1+k2) 6.9 (N/m) Difference 0.5%

15. Analysis and compare the data from the experiment

16. Conclusion: This experiment uses simple harmonic motion This experiment uses simple harmonic motion to investigate and verified the spring motion and find out the K which is the force constant for spring. Use Hook’s law F = -kx can determine the relation with force constant of spring K and its displacement. After analyzed table 1, 2 and 3, I found when After analyzed table 1, 2 and 3, I found when the masses was added the period of time T was increased. The frequency getting decreased,and T = 1/f. When used spring system to replace the single spring, the spring series K became a small value. It’s value is less than any individual spring in the system.

17. The End Thank You