1. Postgraduate Study BIOE 1010 Professional Development

2. We bring life to engineering! So you really love taking classes … Majority of BioEs continue coursework with some form of graduate study – Necessary to get ahead in many jobs Many options available – med school, grad school, business, law, etc. Keep an open mind (and pay attention …) – Many students change their minds about what they want to do – Just ask the graduating seniors what they plan on doing after graduation today vs. 2 – 3 years ago

3. We bring life to engineering! Why medical school? Required to practice medicine as a licensed M.D. or D.O. – Both M.D.s and D.O.s can perform surgery and prescribe medication – D.O.s typically use chiropractic or holistic methods for diagnosis and treatment of disease Perform basic or medical research in academic or industrial setting Health care administration and public policy

4. We bring life to engineering! Medical school prerequisites Complete the following courses – One year of Biology – One year of Physics – One year of English – Two years of Chemistry through Organic Chemistry Take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) Volunteering, extracurricular activities or work experiences (industry or research)

5. We bring life to engineering! MCAT Standardized test (like ACT/SAT) Day long (8 hr) test with the following sections – Verbal reasoning (comprehension, evaluation, etc) – Physical sciences (physics, chemistry & math) – Writing sample (grammar, logical thought, etc) – Biological sciences (molecular, cellular and human biology; organic chemistry) 15 points / section + separate writing score http://www.aamc.org/students/mcat/start.htm for more information http://www.aamc.org/students/mcat/start.htm

6. We bring life to engineering! AMCAS application Uniform application for medical school admission Can apply to many schools with one application Over 100 schools use AMCAS application – Includes all OH & MI medical schools You should still check with individual schools for any additional application requirements – Ex: MCO may request secondary application with recommendation letters

7. We bring life to engineering! AMCAS application Biographical information Essay (one page limit) – Why you have selected the field of medicine – What should medical schools know about you that is not mentioned elsewhere in the application – Special hardships, challenges or obstacles that may have influenced your educational pursuits – Explain significant fluctuations in your academic record not mentioned elsewhere in the application Post-secondary experiences – jobs, volunteer positions, awards, extracurricular activities

8. We bring life to engineering! AMCAS application List schools attended Request official transcripts - use AMCAS form List all post-secondary courses you enrolled in regardless if credit was received GPA calculation – includes transfer credits and repeated courses! See http://www.aamc.org for more detailshttp://www.aamc.org – Instructions for students applying for Fall 2003 admission are already available See http://www.ada.org and http://www.adea.org for dental school admissions informationhttp://www.ada.orghttp://www.adea.org

9. We bring life to engineering! What to expect in medical school First two years are spent in class 8 hours per day, 5 days per week First year courses are basic sciences – Biochemistry and cell biology – Anatomy, histology and immunology – Neuroscience and physiology – Clinical skills, ethics, etc. Second year courses are medical sciences – Pathology, pathophysiology, pharmacology Take Part I of Board Exam after second year

10. We bring life to engineering! What to expect in medical school Last two years are spent in the clinic Clinical rotations are full-time positions – Include nights and weekends on call Required clinical rotations in third year – Medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry and obstetrics/gynecology Elective clinical rotations in fourth year Apply for residency and take Part II of Board Exam

11. We bring life to engineering! Life after medical school A minimum of three years spent in residency to receive further training in an area of specialization Take board exam for your area of specialization Can do fellowship after residency, usually for research or extreme area of specialization Then earn the big bucks and play golf every Thursday (yeah, right …)

12. We bring life to engineering! Financial considerations Money should not be your primary goal in becoming a physician – Medical school is expensive – First real paycheck comes 7 years after graduating from college – Requires substantial commitment and desire to become a practicing physician Money should not be obstacle to attending medical school – You can repay much of the debt when you are a resident

13. We bring life to engineering! Why business school? To learn management principles for supervising employees To understand the business aspects (such as finance and marketing) of product development Many engineers obtain M.B.A.s to pursue management positions in larger corporations

14. We bring life to engineering! Business school prerequisites Required coursework varies by school – Your engineering education should be sufficient for most schools – You may need an economics course Take the GMAT exam Industrial experience (co-op or full-time) is desirable

15. We bring life to engineering! GMAT Half day long (~4 hr) test with the following sections – Analytical writing – Quantitative reasoning – Verbal reasoning Complex scoring - total scores range from 200 – 800 See http://www.gmac.com for more informationhttp://www.gmac.com

16. We bring life to engineering! Business school courses Typically a 1 ½ - 2 year program Curriculum varies widely – Investigate coursework before you apply Core courses – Accounting, finance, marketing and management Elective courses to specialize in one of the core areas listed above

17. We bring life to engineering! Why law school? To practice criminal law To practice civil law To work on patents for new products To work on legal and tax issues for corporations Law school results in a J.D. degree

18. We bring life to engineering! Law school prerequisites A bachelor’s degree in just about any program Take the LSAT exam Standardized application – LSDAS See http://www.lsac.org/ for more informationhttp://www.lsac.org/

19. We bring life to engineering! LSAT Half day long (~4 hour) test with the following sections – Reading comprehension – Analytical reasoning – Writing sample Score ranges from 120 – 180 See http://www.lsac.org/ for more informationhttp://www.lsac.org/

20. We bring life to engineering! Law school courses Typically a 3 year program Core courses – Contracts, property, constitutional law and criminal law Electives for specialization – Business, civil, criminal, labor, estates, patents, family, property and tax law Must take state bar exam to obtain license to practice law

21. We bring life to engineering! Why graduate school? To specialize in a technical area – Allows you to do more technical work – May help you advance in your job To do research in an academic or industrial setting Grad school results in a masters degree or a Ph.D.

22. We bring life to engineering! Graduate school prerequisites Varies with each program Many programs require the GRE exam – Two sections: Verbal and Quantitative – Also have engineering subject test – Scoring ranges from 200 – 800 for each section, 200 – 1000 for subject test – See http://www.gre.org/ for more informationhttp://www.gre.org/

23. We bring life to engineering! Graduate school curriculum Courses vary by program and school Two types of masters programs: coursework intensive and research intensive Research intensive masters program may require a thesis A PhD program is research intensive and requires a thesis

24. We bring life to engineering! How do I decide on a graduate program? Talk to the experts – Students in various programs – Professionals in your area of interest – Advisors and counselors Visit schools, hospitals, etc. If the classes look interesting, the work probably will be too!

25. We bring life to engineering! Timeline for graduate study This is a general timeline to apply for graduate study Take home message – start thinking about this at least a year before you graduate – Not much time and effort required – Can always apply now and decide not to enroll later – Easier than not applying now and deciding you want to go later Assumes graduation in Spring of 5 th year – April of 4 th year – take the applicable standardized test(s) – Summer of 4 th year – retake test(s) if needed – Fall of 5 th year – obtain recommendation letters if needed – Fall of 5 th year - send out applications to various programs – Fall of 5 th year – apply for scholarships if applicable – Spring of 5 th year – interview and select program to enroll in