1. SELF-MADE GLASS TUBE REACTORS FOR SCHOOL ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Denis Zhilin, Moscow Institute for Open Education, School #192, zhila2000@mail.ru

2. RATIONALE Organic synthesis is a learning task  Nobody needs Many of the reagents its productsand products are stinky   Requirements for small scale Organics dissolves in rubber  No rubber joints! Small glassware is difficult to wash  Throwaway glassware

3. RATIONALE Small scale No joints Throwaway + Does not need water cooling + Easy to heat + Requires 0.5-1 g of reactants  Glass tube (   5mm) reactors! DIDACTIC BENEFITS + Skills of glassblowering

4. EQUIPMENT Gas burner (camping gas burner gives better flame than Bunsen) Glass tube   5 mm Test-tube, beaker And that’s all!

5. THE SIMPLEST ONE Replaces heating with condenser Example: esterification Two operations, 7-10 minutes to make Use syringe to fill with liquid or to separate products

6. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Replaces heating with distillation Examples: decarboxylation; ketone synthesis of calcium carboxilates 15-20 minutes to make

7. EVEN MORE COMPLICATED For reaction of vapour at heating Examples: dehydration of alcohols; cracking; bromination of hexane 30-40 minutes to make

8. ANOTHER CONSTRUCTION The purpose is the same, but the heating of the solid state is more gentle

9. WHERE? Extracurricular course of organic synthesis: 10 th grade (15-16 y.o.), accelerated classes

10. HAZARDS 1. About a half of the novices (15-16 y.o students) got finger burns despite they were warned. But they didn’t care! 2. If the tube is clogged with solid products or reagents while heating it can collapse with inflammation 3. Wear goggles!!! DISAPPOINTMENTS When the reactor is crashed at the last bending

11. HOW TO AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT From simple to complicated apparatus but It conflicts with reasonable concept development

12. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Denis Zhilin, Moscow Institute for Open Education, School #192, zhila2000@mail.ru