0. Objective: I can analyze the Bill of Rights & Other Amendments
Bill of Rights Chapter 4
Objective: I can analyze the Bill of Rights & Other Amendments

1. Limits on Rights Community vs. Individual Rights
An individual’s rights must be balanced with the rights of others and the community’s health and safety.
When there is a conflict, the rights of the community often come first.

2. Civil Liberties
The Bill of Rights protects our civil liberties--the freedoms we have to think and to act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment.

3. Civil Liberties

4. First Amendment Freedom of religion Freedom of speech
I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to death your right to say it. Voltaire
Freedom of religion
Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Freedom to petition the government
Petition=formal request; right to express one’s ideas to the government

5. First Amendment Limits
Freedom of speech does not include the right to endanger our government or other American citizens. You do not have freedom to provoke a riot. You are not free to speak or write in a way that immediately leads to criminal activities or efforts to otherthrow the government by force.
Slander=Spreading spoken lies is a crime
Libel=Spreading written/printed lies is a crime

6. Tinker v. Des Moines School District
The lawyers argued that the wearing of the armbands constituted an expression of feeling and beliefs similar to actual speech.
Judge Fortas’s concept of “pure speech” extended the First Amendment protection to symbolic expressions of ideas that can also be spoken.
pg. 127 in book

7. Second Amendment
The right to bear arms

8. Protecting the Rights of the Accused
Fourth Amendment-protects Americans against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Search Warrant-a court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as evidence
A drug-sniffing dog and police officer search lockers.

9. Protecting the Rights of the Accused
Fifth Amendment
Every person is entitled to due process of law.
No trial may be held unless a person is formally charged, or indicted, by the grand jury.
Miranda-Right to remain silent
Accused persons may not be forced to testify against themselves.
Due process-means following established legal procedures; the laws themselves must be reasonable
No one may be deprived of their property by the government without compensation.
Eminent domain is the right of the government to take private property--usually land--for public use.
A person found not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime.
Double Jeopardy-this means that people who are accused of a crime and judged not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime.
Indictment-a formal charge by a group of citizens called a grand jury, who review the evidence against the accused

10. Protecting the Rights of the Accused
Sixth Amendment
The accused must be permitted to hear and question all witnesses.
The accused must be informed of the nature of the charges.
If possible, the trial must be held in the area where the crime took place.
The accused is entitled to a lawyer and to call witnesses for his or her defense.
The accused must be allowed a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
It also requires that the accused be allowed a trial by jury although they may ask to be tried by only a judge instead.

11. Table-5th & 6th Amendments
the Sixth Amendment
Due process of law is the process by which all parties follow the law carefully so that everyone’s rights are protected.

12. Protecting the Rights of the Accused
Eighth Amendment
Forbids excessive bail
Forbids cruel and unusual punishment
Bail is a sum of money used as a security deposit.
Debated for years what kinds of punishment are cruel and unusual
Bail can be denied-flight risk
Generally agreed that punishment should be in proportion, or balanced, to the crime committed
Protects against excessive fines if convicted
Fines vary depending on seriousness of the crime

13. Third Amendment
In peacetime, soldiers may not move into private homes without the consent of the homeowner.

14. Seventh Amendment
***Concerns civil cases-lawsuits that involve, or contain, disagreements between people rather than crimes.
**Provides the right to a jury trial in federal courts to settle all disputes about property worth more than $20.
*When both parties in a conflict agree, however, a judge rather than a jury may hear evidence and settle the case.

15. Ninth Amendment
States that all other rights not spelled out in the Constitution are retained by the people.

16. Tenth Amendment
**States that any powers the Constitution does not specifically give to the national government are reserved for the states and for the people. [Source of Reserved Powers]
*Expresses the idea that the federal government is limited only to powers it is granted in the Constitution.

17. Partner Questions
Why do you think the Framers of the Constitution addressed the legal treatment of the accused in so many amendments?
How do the Ninth and Tenth Amendments limit the power of government?
Which of the first 10 amendments do you think is the most important? Why?

18. Partner Question
Why do you think the Framers of the Constitution addressed the legal treatment of the accused in so many amendments?
They had experienced unfair treatment under British law and wanted to prevent similar abuses in their new government.

19. Partner Question
How do the Ninth and Tenth Amendments limit the power of government?
The Ninth and Tenth Amendments state that not all rights are covered by the Bill of Rights and secure all unspecified rights to the states and to the people.

20. Objective: I can analyze the Bill of Rights & Other Amendments
Bill of Rights Chapter 4
Objective: I can analyze the Bill of Rights & Other Amendments

21. Eleventh Amendment
Places limits on suits against states.

22. Twelfth Amendment
Revises procedures for electing president and vice president [Top two vs. Ticket]

23. Thirteenth Amendment Civil War Amendment Abolishes slavery
Outlawed any sort of forced labor, except as punishment for a crime.

24. Fourteenth Amendment Civil War Amendment
Defines United States citizenship; guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws
Born or naturalized in the United States
Nationalization of the Bill of Rights-nat’l gov’t as well as state gov’ts

25. Fifteenth Amendment Civil War Amendment
Prohibits restrictions on the rights to vote based on race and color
Suffrage=the right to vote
Women still NOT allowed to vote

26. Sixteenth Amendment Gives Congress the power to levy an income tax.
Raise revenue

27. Seventeenth Amendment
Enables voters to elect senators directly
Previously the state legislatures were to choose members of the Senate.

28. Eighteenth Amendment & Twenty-First Amendment
18th: Prohibits making, drinking, or selling alcoholic beverages [Prohibition]
21st: Repeals Prohibition [18th Amendment]

29. Nineteenth Amendment Gives women the right to vote (1920)
Some territories like Wyoming (1869) gave women the right to vote earlier

30. Twentieth Amendment
Changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms
March 4 to January 20

31. Twenty-Second Amendment
Limits presidents to two terms in office (1951)
In response to FDR’s four terms

32. Twenty-Third Amendment
Gives residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote-national elections i.e. president and vice president

33. Twenty-Fourth Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes (1964)
Poll taxes=required votes to pay a sum of money before casting a ballot
Poor people affected

34. Twenty-fifth Amendment
Establishes procedures for succession to the presidency

35. Twenty-Sixth Amendment
Sets voting age at 18 years
Vietnam War
1971

36. Twenty-seventh Amendment
Delays congressional pay raises until the term following their passage (1992)

37. Partner Questions Explain the Civil War Amendments.
Identify and explain the amendments (5) that expand voting rights. (Excluding 15th)

38. Partner Questions Explain the Civil War Amendments.
13th Amendment-abolishes slavery
14th Amendment-Defines US citizenship; guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment-Prohibits restrictions on the right to vote based on race and color

39. Partner Questions
Identify and explain the amendments (5) that expand voting rights. [Excluding the 15th]
17th-voters elect senators directly
19th-suffrage is extended to women of age
23rd-suffrage is extended to residents of the District of Columbia
24th-eliminated poll taxes, ensuring African Americans and poor whites would be able to exercise voting rights
26th-suffrage is extended to people aged 18-21

40. The Civil Rights Struggle
Discrimination=unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group.
Jim Crow Laws-Southern states passed laws requiring African Americans and whites to be separated in most public places

41. The Civil Rights Struggle
Segregation=social separation of the races
Civil Rights=rights of full citizenship and equality under the law

42. Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. (1954)
Violated the 14th Amendment-equal protection under the law. (1868)

43. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination in public facilities, employment, education, and voter registration.
It banned discrimination based on race and color, sex or gender, religion, and national origin.

44. Civil Rights Gains Other groups have made gains
Affirmative Action-federal government programs to try to make up past discrimination.
These programs encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women in fields that were traditionally closed to them. Colleges, too, practiced affirmative action to help minority students gain admission.

45. Gratz v. Bollinger
Affirmative Action from the start has been controversial. [Reverse Discrimination???]
Supreme Court struck down a University of Michigan point-based admission policy, stating that it gave excessive points to minority applicants.

46. Affirmative Action
Struggle for equal rights continues--each year the federal government receives more than 75,000 complaints of workplace discrimination.

47. Racial Profiling
Many Americans and others are sometimes subject to racial profiling by law enforcement officers--being singled out as suspects because of the way they look.

48. Hate Crimes
Some Americans even become the victims of hate crimes--acts of violence based on a person’s race, color, national origin, gender, or disability.