1. HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL WARMING BY COUNTRY OF 3 Greenhouse Gases (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O) International Virtual Institute on Global Change IVIG/COPPE/UFRJ - Luiz Pinguelli Rosa - Maria Silvia Muylaert - Christiano Pires de Campos - Leonardo Cardoso Monteiro - Adriano Santhiago - Corbiniano Silva - Leonardo Ribeiro Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT - Dr. José D. G. Miguez - Dr. Luiz Gylvan Meira Filho - Dr. Thelma Krug 2001/ 2002.

2. Data Sources ROSA, L.P. and RIBEIRO, S.K. “The present, past and future contibutions to global warming of CO2 emissions from fuels”. Climatic Change 48. p289-308, 2001. RIVM, 2001. HYDE: Historical Land Use Changes over the past 300 years: New Global Data Sets. http://www.rivm.nl/env/int/hyde http://www.rivm.nl/env/int/hyde CDIAC, 2002. Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/trends.htmhttp://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/trends.htm SR-LULUCF, 2000. Special Report: Land Use, Land-use Change, and Forestry. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, 1996. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Reference Manual. Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change. Volume 3. EDGAR-HYDE database, http://arch.rivm.nl/env/int/coredata/edgar/index.html http://arch.rivm.nl/env/int/coredata/edgar/index.html MCT, 2002. First Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions www.mct.gov.br/climawww.mct.gov.br/clima

3. Source: RIVM, 2001. Land Use in 1700

4. Land Use in 1990 Source: RIVM, 2001.

5. Biomas classified by RIVMCarbon Factor (t C / ha) Ice0 Tundra6 Wooded Tundra7 Boreal Forest64 Cool conifer forest81 Temp. mixed forest106 Temp. deciduous forest117 Warm mixed forest129 Grassland/Steppe7 Hot desert2 Scrubland18 Savanna29 Tropical woodland80 Tropical forest147 Carbon Factors

6. Results comparison LUC Emissions from 1850-1990 (Gt C) IVIG/COPPE/U FRJ Trends Online (CDIAC) LULUCF Special Report (IPCC) 117.5124136 +- 55

7. Country Gt C.year 1.990 Percentual responsibility United States 63219,10% China 51715,63% Russia 37911,47% Argentin a 1324,00% Brazil 1293,92% Canada 1163,53% Australi a 1093,30% Ukraine 732,22% Indonesi a 601,84% World 3.310100,00% Land Use Change Contribution to Global Warming – 1700 to 1990 LUC W(1990)

8. LUC W(1990) Map

9. LUC W(t) Graph

10. Contribution to Global Warming due to Energy Sector and Cement Production – 1850 to 1998 Ano 1998 (Gt C.year)%Cumulative UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 998 32,71 % USSR 357 11,71%44,42% UNITED KINGDOM 299 9,82%54,24% GERMANY 277 9,07%63,32% CHINA (MAINLAND) 142 4,65%67,97% FRANCE (INCLUDING MONACO) 114 3,74%71,71% JAPAN 101 3,34%75,05% POLAND 69 2,28%77,33% CANADA 64 2,11%79,44% INDIA 46 1,54%80,98% CZECHOSLOVAKIA 42 1,40%82,39% ITALY (INCLUDING SAN MARINO) 41 1,36%83,75% BELGIUM 40 1,31%85,06% SOUTH AFRICA 30 0,99%86,05% AUSTRALIA 27 0,90%86,95% NETHERLANDS 24 0,81%87,76% SPAIN 22 0,72%88,48% MEXICO 21 0,70%89,19% ROMANIA 17 0,58%89,77% BRAZIL 15 0,52%90,29% AUSTRIA 15 0,49%90,78% World 3.053 100%100,00% Energy W(1998)

11. Energy W(1998) Map