1. Landscape Design

2. The art of developing property for its greatest use and enjoyment –Involves understanding the environment around the structure and selecting plants that perform well in that environment. ©iStockphoto.com

3. Landscape Value Determinants Aesthetic appeal Economic value Functional value Environmental effects Good design results in adding value to property and enhancing quality of life. ©iStockphoto.com

4. Aesthetic Appeal Add visual beauty Hide undesirable features Emphasize desirable features Appeal to all five senses –Sight –Hearing –Touch –Taste –Smell ©iStockphoto.com

5. Economic Value Increase property value 6 to 15 percent Reduce energy costs –Buffer wind –Control solar heat gain Courtesy USDA ©iStockphoto.com

6. Functional Value Aesthetic value Enhance livability Conservation and environmental protection Solar heat control Wind control Sound control Slope stabilization ©iStockphoto.com

7. Environmental Effects Landscaping can Moderate temperatures Reduce glare and wind Use water more efficiently Clean the air Provide wildlife habitat Bird and Butterfly habitat ©iStockphoto.com

8. Rules and Regulations State, local, and/or community regulations may control landscape design. Storm water drainage Tree ordinances Street trees Street yard Buffer yards Street wall Parking screen and islands Trash screen

9. Rules and Regulations Storm water regulations ©iStockphoto.com

10. Rules and Regulations Tree Ordinances ©iStockphoto.com

11. Rules and Regulations Street Trees

12. Rules and Regulations Street Yard

13. Rules and Regulations Buffer Yards

14. Rules and Regulations Parking Screens and Islands

15. Rules and Regulations Trash Screen

16. Unintended Results of Landscaping Air Pollution: Gasoline-powered landscape equipment (mowers, trimmers, blowers, and chainsaws) account for more than 5% of our urban air pollution. Chemical Toxins: Residential application of pesticides is typically at a rate 20 times that of farmers per acre. Solid Wastes: Yard wastes (mostly grass clippings) comprise 20% of municipal solid waste collected. Most still end up in landfills. Flooding and Water Pollution: A lawn has less than 10% of the water absorption capacity of natural woodland – a reason for suburban flooding.

17. Environmentally Friendly Landscaping Protect natural areas Reduce turf Mulch planted areas Use native plant species Reduce energy consumption – Low maintenance landscaping –Environmentally friendly materials Use Xeriscape techniques Courtesy EPA

18. Xeriscape Landscaping philosophy that seeks to minimize the need for water. 1. Proper planning and design 2. Soil analysis / improvements 3. Appropriate plant selection 4. Practical turf areas 5. Efficient irrigation 6. Use of mulches 7. Appropriate maintenance Xeriscape in Colorado

19. Water Use Zones PLANTING TYPEWATER USE Native PlantLow Cactus GardenLow Herb GardenModerate to Low Fruit TreesModerate Flower GardenHigh Vegetable GardenModerate to High (depends on crops) Wildflower MeadowHigh (germination) Low (once established) LawnModerate to High Group plants by water use zones

20. Repetition Balance Emphasis Unity Principles of Design Concepts used to organize the elements of a design

21. Repetition Use of the same element over and over Repetition is achieved when the same line, shape, color, texture, plant, or material is used throughout the landscape Principles of Design

22. Repetition Which elements are repeated? ©iStockphoto.com

23. Principles of Design Balance A sense of equality that can either be symmetric or asymmetric. Formal Balance – A symmetrical design in which the design can be divided into two identical halves. Informal Balance – An asymmetrical design that can not be divided into identical halves but that provides an overall sense of equilibrium.

24. Balance Formal Balance ©iStockphoto.com

25. Principles of Design Emphasis The result of focusing attention on one aspect of a design. Emphasis is constructed by creating a visual path from at least one vantage point to the focal point. Focal Point – The object of attention Vantage Point – The place from which the focal point is viewed

26. Emphasis What is the focal point? Image by the Environmental Protection Agency ©iStockphoto.com

27. Principles of Design Unity The impression that the separate parts of the design belong together or are part of a whole. Unity is created by A consistent style (Japanese, formal, etc.) Visual pathways Consistent color scheme Repetition of lines, plants, and hardscape

28. Unity Is the design unified? Why? ©iStockphoto.com

29. Concept (Master) Plan  Delineate spaces –Hardscape –Planting beds –Turf areas Landscape Design Process  Locate plants by broad classification — Deciduous or coniferous — Tree or shrub — Groundcover — Turf Use straight lines or smooth curves

30. Concept Plan

31. Landscape Design Process Hardscape –Driveway, walks, patio, deck, walls, and fences –Garden structures – Gazebo, trellis, arch –Garden ornaments – fountains, sculptures birdbaths, etc. –Furniture ©iStockphoto.com

32. Landscape Design Process Plant Material –Height –Spread (width) –Deciduous or coniferous –Form or shape (columnar, cone, round) –Growth rate –Growing conditions Sun, moisture, soil conditions –Hardiness zone ©iStockphoto.com

33. http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/ushzmap.html USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map

34. Landscape Design Process Planting Plan Indicates the location and species of plants ©iStockphoto.com

35. Planting Plan

36. Image Sources Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Ariel Rios building south courtyard perspective. Retrieved at http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/stormwater/ars_perspe ctive.htm. http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/stormwater/ars_perspe ctive.htm istockphoto. (n.d.). Retrieved at http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php. http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Conservation practices that save: Windbreaks/shelterbelts. Retrieved at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/energy/windbreaks.ht ml. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/energy/windbreaks.ht ml