1. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Wireless Sensor Networks Nick Baker Walter Woods Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd

2. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Adaptive Wireless Solutions Specialists in monitoring and control solutions using wireless mesh sensor networks for over 8 years Offer systems integration and equipment supply for numerous wireless and wired technologies driven by customer requirements Distributor for ECOMM and Wireless Sensors in UK and Europe Certified System Partner for HMS Industrial Networks (Netbiter) in UK Can help you integrate and manage your data gathering, monitoring and control activities –Complete solution design, supply and support –Wireless technology consulting and advice –Programme and project management –Technical and wireless architecture design –Equipment and software supply from multiple vendors –Integration with other systems –Installation and commissioning –Maintenance and Support

3. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Customers and Projects Mesh Wireless projects in BMS extension, energy management, industrial plants, IT environments, commercial offices, universities and colleges, hotels and apartment complexes, warehousing, recycling plants, food companies and national utilities. Customers in UK, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Israel, Saudi Arabia BOMBARDIER

4. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Business Advantages of Mesh Radio Economic and operational advantages vs. wired sensors Up to 90% lower installed costs –Lower cost of required equipment and supplies –Much quicker installation = less on-site time and less disruption Monitor and control in: –harsh environments (lots of metal and interference) –“wire unfriendly” situations where wires are difficult or undesirable Low cost and speedy retrofit to existing buildings, equipment and processes Monitors mobile or rotating equipment Easy optimisation of sensor position in process for a better result Cost-effective diagnostics in uncertain or temporary situations Multiple sensor types with standard wireless nodes on a single network Remote, ‘PC-less’, monitoring from anywhere on the internet

5. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Wireless Network Types Direct Connection –Wire replacement –Point to point, highly specific –Engineered to suit application Star –One central routing and control point –Single-hop - point to multi-point –All data flows through central point Mesh –Multiple data paths –Multi-hop –Can operate as star or hybrid star/mesh –Self configuring, self healing –Highly flexible, highly reliable Gateway Mesh node Sensing node Older, less flexible, less reliable technologies Newer, more flexible, more reliable technology

6. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Operational Advantages of Mesh Multiple Pathways –Stronger connectivity –Self-Healing, Self-Managing Transmit Around Equipment –More robust –More flexible Extend Network Range –More robust –More capable Primary Secondary Out of Range Primary

7. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Core Mesh Wireless Product Ranges SystemMonitor/ Inputs Control/ Outputs Key Strengths ECOMMYes Large scale networks, multi-channel I/O, direct equipment/meter integration Wireless Sensors YesNoExternal TRH sensors, RTD’s, battery operation, device packaging

8. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd

9. ECOMM direct integration with Modbus meters The following electricity meter types are currently supported by direct integration via Modbus RS485 connection to the ECOMM WC21 radio unit –Schneider E 5600 –Schneider ION 8600 –Schneider PM 710/750 –Schneider PM 9C –Schneider ION 6200 –Carlo Gavazzi EM24 –Veris H 8036 –EIG Shark 100 –Continental Controls Wattnode Other meter types can be added as needed (at a modest cost)

10. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd

11. Remote Monitoring and Control

12. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Solution Architecture – Netbiter remote monitoring Typical Sensors and I/O devices Battery and/or line powered Temperature sensor Temperature and humidity Occupancy, door contact Light Pulse counting Dry contact inputs Up to 32 inputs per radio: contact, NTC, 0-5V, 0-20mA Relay and analogue outputs Multi-stage thermostat controller Modbus RTU bridge Wireless mesh Gateway Netbiter is Modbus TCP proxy Wireless range to cover large sites, highly reliable digital mesh radio, not affected by interference. Scales from 1 to 100’s of points. Netbiter transfers data off-site to Netbiter Argos remote monitoring portal. Web API available to integrate data to other applications Remote off-site monitoring using Netbiter Argos

13. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Although we specialise in mesh radio we also use GSM/GPRS and Narrowband radio systems when needed to meet customer requirements

14. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Typical Solution Architecture Overview (1)

15. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Typical Solution Architecture Overview (2)

16. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Example Projects Integration typeSectorDescription OPC / RemoteAsset Management Supermarket refrigerator, freezer temperature monitoring, HVAC and outside temperature monitoring. Expansion of trial site to 10 further stores Modbus TCP / RemoteEnergy Electricity consumption monitoring on 7 floors of Dept. Health, London office, 8 meters per floor in risers. Wireless installed and commissioned in 2 days. Modbus TCP into BMSAsset Management Electricity feeder pillar status and generator status monitoring and control with battery UPS-protected wireless network across 100 acre government laboratory site. Modbus TCPBuilding Management Temperature and Humidity monitoring across 5 warehouses in large warehouse complex for Nestle Modbus TCP/ BMSBuilding Management Wireless temperature monitoring and window damper, heating valve and air recirculation damper controls. Historic university building. Demonstration project for Irish government. BMSEnergy Wireless boundary gas meters pulse transfer to BMS outstations on hospital site Modbus TCP / SCADAPharma Laboratory refrigerator, freezer and warehouse monitoring at Johnson & Johnson facility. Validated environment. Direct I/O Asset Management Remote generator status monitoring into site SCADA system

17. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Application example – Westfield Shopping Mall BMS integration for temperature control 55,000 Sq Metres on two floors with Atrium 49 Air handling units on roof 1 Wireless network 18 Mesh repeaters 30 Sensing nodes Ambient Temperature input to HVAC zone controls via Modbus TCP Installed in 2 days to resolve critical operating requirement £6,100 equipment cost

18. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Application example – Large Data Centre Monitoring Solution Primary Server Secondary Server Remote Disaster Recovery Centre Remote Business Continuity Centre Basement Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Console Control Room Viewers Other Viewers Secondary Console Common Ethernet Network Main Mission Critical Data Centre 7,500 Sq Metres 4 Floors Phase 1 - 2008 6 Wireless Sub- networks 22 Mesh repeaters 178 Sensing nodes Ambient TRH Phase 2 - 2009 100 additional TRH sensors on two floors 4 more wireless sub-networks Phase 3 - 2010 Being planned now Electrical Power Chilled water

19. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd BMS / SCADA Integration We have supplied systems to clients providing integration to existing BMS’ and SCADA / software systems via: –Modbus TCP and RTU –Direct analogue and digital connection –ODBC, OPC and SQL connection BMS’ that have been integrated with our systems include: –Trend –Siemens –Schneider –Andover Controls/TAC –Honeywell –Priva Numerous SCADA systems have also been integrated

20. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Network Performance and Reliability

21. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks Industrial WSN OEM Adoption Inhibitors Source: ON World, Inc.

22. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Building Automation Wireless Sensor Networks Commercial Building WSN Adoption Inhibitors Source: ON World, Inc.

23. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Wireless Sensor Network Reliability RF Interference Common interference sources: –Multipath interference Occurs when the RF signal interferes with itself Reflections off surfaces of all types Can interfere with original signal and even cancel it out –Interference with other transmitters ISM band 2.4 Ghz wireless is increasingly common Signals can be affected by other sources Data slows down (more retries) or even stops A good way to avoid it is to ‘frequency-hop’ Examples of other transmitters in the 2.4 GHz band can be WiFi nodes, microwaves, cordless phones, Bluetooth devices, RFID, and other wireless sensor networks. How can it be avoided?

24. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Wireless Sensor Network Reliability Interference Avoidance Typical methods: –Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation Part of the IEEE802.15.4 radio standard Spreads the signal over a wider bandwidth Reduces the chance of blocking the whole signal –Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) modulation NOT part of the IEEE802.15.4 radio standard Uses a range of base frequencies Transmitter and receiver periodically hop to a new frequency Acts more like a narrowband radio for very short intervals Very unlikely that all channels in the band are interfered –Dynamic channel hopping Not a modulation technique Enhances simple FHSS modulation by dynamically detecting persistently busy channels and avoiding them The best mesh radio systems use all three techniques frequency Signal strength 2.40GHz2.48GHz NOISE FLOOR INTERFERENCE

25. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Wireless Sensor Network Protocols How do they affect performance? Two main options: –Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision-based protocol Uses collision-avoidance (CA) or collision detection (CD) Most WSN protocols use CA to avoid network overhead Network communication is not time-synchronised Pseudo-random ‘Back-off and re-try’ mechanisms are used Collisions within the network escalate as networks get larger ZigBee is based on this CSMA-CA approach –Time Synchronised Protocols These minimise or avoid collisions and transmission re-tries Time synchronisation allows the use of channel-hopping TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is an example Also called ‘slotted’ protocols because each device has a ‘time slot’ The benefits of synchronised traffic and channel-hopping are: –Better performance (fewer collisions/retries) –Increased battery life (fewer retries) –Better interference avoidance (channel-hopping) The most sophisticated systems use adaptive dynamic channel-hopping

26. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Protocol Standards? There are many trade-offs in protocol design There is room for several feature-specific protocol variants using the IEEE 802.15.4 base standard It is important that hardware remains 802.15.4 compliant ‘Standard protocols’, if they ever become available, will not mean that proprietary protocols become obsolete or unnecessary. ZigBee is not a standard and has serious reliability and performance limitations in industrial and commercial environments. ZigBee equipment from different vendors does not interoperate – one of the key goals of a standard. IEE 802.15.4 PHY Layer MAC Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer ProprietaryApplication Application Interface Application 802.15.4-based market offerings are differentiated by proprietary protocol stacks with different design goals Network layers of the protocol are not standardised

27. Copyright© 2013 Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd Contact Details Adaptive Wireless Solutions Ltd 91 High Street Prestwood Great Missenden HP16 9ER Tel:+44 (0) 1494 865992 www.adaptive-wireless.co.uk Nick Baker Director Mobile: 07968 352875 nbaker@adaptive-wireless.co.uk Skype: adaptivewireless