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Heating and Cooling
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Coordinator: Karel Kabele, kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, CTU in Praguekabele@fsv.cvut.cz Contributors: Eric Willems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, P.OpTVeld@chri.nl Camilla Brunsgaard, cbru@create.aau.dk & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, mak@create.aau.dk, Aalborg University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, ph@civil.aau.dk, Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen (AAU)cbru@create.aau.dkmak@create.aau.dkph@civil.aau.dk Arturas Kaklauskas, Arturas.kaklauskas@st.vgtu.lt, Audrius Banaitis, Audrius.banaitis@vgtu.lt, Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU)Arturas.kaklauskas@st.vgtu.ltAudrius.banaitis@vgtu.lt Marco Perino, marco.perino@polito.it, Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra (POLITO)marco.perino@polito.it Werner Stutterecker, werner.stutterecker@fh-burgenland.at, (FH-B)werner.stutterecker@fh-burgenland.at Mattheos Santamouris, msantam@phys.uoa.gr, Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari, marlaskari@googlemail.com, (NKUA)msantam@phys.uoa.gr marlaskari@googlemail.com Zoltan Magyar, zmagyar@invitel.hu, Mihaly Baumann, Aniko Vigh, idesedu.pte@gmail.com (PTE)zmagyar@invitel.huidesedu.pte@gmail.com Manuela Almeida, malmeida@civil.uminho.pt, Sandra Silva, sms@civil.uminho.pt, Ricardo Mateus, ricardomateus@civil.uminho.pt, University of Minho (UMINHO)malmeida@civil.uminho.ptsms@civil.uminho.pt ricardomateus@civil.uminho.pt Piotr Bartkiewicz, piotr.bartkiewicz@is.pw.edu.pl, Piotr Narowski, piotr.narowski@is.pw.edu.pl (WUT)piotr.bartkiewicz@is.pw.edu.plpiotr.narowski@is.pw.edu.pl Matthias Haase, matthias.Haase@sintef.no, (NTNU)matthias.Haase@sintef.no Karel Kabele, kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, Pavla Dvořáková, pavla.dvorakova@fsv.cvut.cz, (CTU – FCE)kabele@fsv.cvut.czpavla.dvorakova@fsv.cvut.cz
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LECTURE 12 HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS CONTROL
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Fundamentals of control; output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings.
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FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL
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What is it - Control system ? Device, which changes one or more parameters of the heating/cooling system – temperature – flow rate – pressure
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Why to control heating/cooling system Output control according to actual heat loss Operation safety Restriction by operational parameters of heat source or any element of heating system Hydronic balancing
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Control circuit Controlled variable x Manipulated variable y Disturbance variable z Command variable w Controlled system X Z Controller Y Actua tor Feedback W
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Manipulation Controlled variable is changed by actuator No feed-back, no controller Controlled system X Z Actua tor ?
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Hand actuated control Controller = man Controlled system X Z Y Actu ator Feed back W
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Automatic actuated controll w and/or x activates actuator to achieve required value of x Controlled system X Z Regulátor Y Actu ator Feed back W
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Control circuit Technical background Measurement of controlled and command variable – electronic thermometer, flow meter, pressure meter Controller – Compare measured values with required valuesa and activates actuator Actuator – Control valve, shutoff valve, three-way valve
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Output sampling controllers Manipulated variable – on/off, 0-0,5-1 Example: room thermostat
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Continuous action controllers Manipulated variable vs. Controlled variable = transition characteristic. – P - proportional – I – integral – D – shunt – T – time delay – … – Fuzzy logic – more variables
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Controllers - energy Self actuated controllers – Energy from the controlled systém Electronic controllers Pressured air actuated controllers
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Actuators Electromagnetic shut- off valves Control valves Mixing 3 or 4 way valves
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Thermostatic valves Common With remote setup With remote sensor Radiator valve
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Application of 3way valve
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output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings
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OPERATION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS
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Commissioning; Inspection; Fault detection, Operation, Energy audit Last developements in the heating/cooling field
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