1. CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC CMBEC-29 Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Point of Care Engineering and Technology — an overview Blake W. Podaima 1,2,3, Robert D. McLeod 2,3 © B. W. Podaima, 2006 Email: Bpodaima@Virtuistix.CA; McLeod@EE.UManitoba.CA 1.Virtuistix Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba 2.TRLabs: Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba 3.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba

2. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Mission Heightened demand for improvements in Patient Safety and Quality of Care at patient Point of Care (POC).Heightened demand for improvements in Patient Safety and Quality of Care at patient Point of Care (POC). Errors and other adverse incidents are inevitable in complex systems.Errors and other adverse incidents are inevitable in complex systems. The goal of Virtuistix is in mitigating medical errors through the use of technology and protocols via systems engineering.The goal of Virtuistix is in mitigating medical errors through the use of technology and protocols via systems engineering. Specifically, Smart RFID Enabled Medical Devices.Specifically, Smart RFID Enabled Medical Devices.

3. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba To Err is Human Approximately 36% of adverse drug events occur at the patient POC while only 2% are intercepted.Approximately 36% of adverse drug events occur at the patient POC while only 2% are intercepted. Technology can be used in conjunction with human factors engineering to improve the accuracy and efficiency of protocols and practice with the objective of reducing errors.Technology can be used in conjunction with human factors engineering to improve the accuracy and efficiency of protocols and practice with the objective of reducing errors. Systems engineering implies the use of tools such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Root Cause Analysis (FMEA and RCA).Systems engineering implies the use of tools such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and Root Cause Analysis (FMEA and RCA).

4. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Costs Estimated costs associated with adverse medical events have been estimated to be in the billions.Estimated costs associated with adverse medical events have been estimated to be in the billions. – –Mortality + human suffering – –Litigation – –Extended stay – –Complications – –Adverse drug interactions Dissemination of Innovation: Costs of technology adoption.Dissemination of Innovation: Costs of technology adoption. – –Can we afford not to?

5. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Intervention Technologies play a major role in modernizing and improving medical and health systems.Technologies play a major role in modernizing and improving medical and health systems. Those being considered utilize information and communication technology in mobile deployment:Those being considered utilize information and communication technology in mobile deployment: – –Hand held mobile devices (PDAs) with integrated RFID readers; local wireless communication technologies, such as 802.11x; Wi-Fi Protected Access; ZigBee; Wireless USB; Infrared; integrated sensor based devices; Barcodes, and RFID tags. Back-end information systems are replacing much of the paper storage and retrieval systems that still prevail in health care today.Back-end information systems are replacing much of the paper storage and retrieval systems that still prevail in health care today.

6. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Implementation The greatest benefit of an Electronic Records System, is that relevant patient information can be readily available to practitioners — whenever and wherever needed. (PDAs, wireless, ERS)The greatest benefit of an Electronic Records System, is that relevant patient information can be readily available to practitioners — whenever and wherever needed. (PDAs, wireless, ERS) Sufficient security and standards will ensure reliable and secure management of sensitive medical records. (encryption, authentication, privacy)Sufficient security and standards will ensure reliable and secure management of sensitive medical records. (encryption, authentication, privacy) Security is a problem of perception — one that needs to be addressed thoroughly and implemented properly to be effective as Clinical Grade Networks are developed and deployed. (properly implemented protocols)Security is a problem of perception — one that needs to be addressed thoroughly and implemented properly to be effective as Clinical Grade Networks are developed and deployed. (properly implemented protocols)

7. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba RFID in Healthcare Conventional RFID technology in healthcareConventional RFID technology in healthcare – –Primarily based upon identification. – –Built around inventory tracking and control. – –Extensions include pharmaceutical supply chain inventory and tracking for medical reconciliation. – –Tied into a hospital management system, they have considerable potential to reduce adverse drug events at the patient POC. – –This is accomplished through corroboration of the patient ID with the drug prescribed by the physician “Smart” RFID Enabled Devices are new technologies that have the potential to improve patient safety and quality of care.“Smart” RFID Enabled Devices are new technologies that have the potential to improve patient safety and quality of care.

8. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Platform Medical Compliance Platform — POC Interaction Components:

9. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart RFID Devices What is Smart RFID Deployment?What is Smart RFID Deployment? A Smart RFID enabled device and its system of deployment include methods of identification and control for medical compliance.A Smart RFID enabled device and its system of deployment include methods of identification and control for medical compliance. – –Identification is accomplished with the aid of RFID. – –Control is enabled through a mechanism that can be activated to prevent improper, erroneous, or unauthorized access. Smart RFID enabled devices attempt to facilitate error-free dispensing and administration (of medication and/or medical supplies), and other clinical practices, to reduce or prevent adverse medical events, near misses, or sentinel events.Smart RFID enabled devices attempt to facilitate error-free dispensing and administration (of medication and/or medical supplies), and other clinical practices, to reduce or prevent adverse medical events, near misses, or sentinel events.

10. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba RFID Basics Basic RFID Near-Field Coupling and Telemetry:

11. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart RFID Devices Incorporate an RFID enabled interface capable of controlling access, (providing actuation, and sensor information collection): smart medical containers, smart pumps, smart clamps, smart valves, smart syringes and pipettes, and smart bandages.Incorporate an RFID enabled interface capable of controlling access, (providing actuation, and sensor information collection): smart medical containers, smart pumps, smart clamps, smart valves, smart syringes and pipettes, and smart bandages. The RFID tags on these devices can be either passive or active, and the control and communication can be derived from the interaction of an RFID reader and tag in conjunction with the associated electronics and overseeing medical information management system.The RFID tags on these devices can be either passive or active, and the control and communication can be derived from the interaction of an RFID reader and tag in conjunction with the associated electronics and overseeing medical information management system.

12. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Summary POC engineering and technology are brought to bear on the medical community with the overall goal of improving patient safety and quality of care.POC engineering and technology are brought to bear on the medical community with the overall goal of improving patient safety and quality of care. We ascertain the emerging field of RFID technology has the potential to improve medical compliance via human factors protocols and practice at the patient POC.We ascertain the emerging field of RFID technology has the potential to improve medical compliance via human factors protocols and practice at the patient POC. Within a ubiquitous or pervasive health computing environment, novel Smart RFID medical devices, in conjunction with wireless PDAs, are proposed to integrate identification, security, control, and actuation.Within a ubiquitous or pervasive health computing environment, novel Smart RFID medical devices, in conjunction with wireless PDAs, are proposed to integrate identification, security, control, and actuation. Various POC embodiments along these lines are currently under IP development and technology capture.Various POC embodiments along these lines are currently under IP development and technology capture.

13. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart RFID Devices Assorted Smart RFID Enabled Medical Devices: –Smart Clamps (mechanical and electromechanical) –Smart Valves (mechanical and electromechanical) –Smart Syringes (mechanical and electromechanical)

14. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Screw Clamp (in-line and clam shell type — mechanical instance):

15. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Screw Clamp (in-line and clam shell type: electromechanical instance): Smart Screw Clamp (in-line and clam shell type: — electromechanical instance):

16. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Cam Clamp (mechanical instance):

17. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Cam Clamp (electromechanical instance):

18. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Scissor Clamp (restricted — mechanical instance):

19. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Scissor Clamp (unrestricted — mechanical instance):

20. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Rotational Clamp (in-line or clam shell type — mechanical instance):

21. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Rotational Clamp (in-line or clam shell type — electromechanical instance):

22. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Push-type Clamp (in-line or clam shell type — mechanical instance):

23. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Lever-type Clamp (in-line or clam shell type — mechanical instance):

24. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Hinge Clamp (mechanical instance):

25. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Linear-Actuator Ram Clamp (mechanical instance):

26. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Linear-Actuator Ram Clamp (electromechanical instance):

27. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Roller-Actuator Clamp (mechanical instance):

28. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Clamp Smart Roller-Actuator Clamp (electromechanical instance):

29. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart Stop-cock [2-port] Valve (electromechanical instance):

30. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart Stop-cock [2-port, 2-way] Valve Flow Channels Smart Stop-cock [2-port, 2-way] Valve Flow Channels:

31. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart Stop-cock [3-port] Valve (electromechanical instance):

32. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart Stop-cock [3-port, 4-way] Valve Flow Channels:

33. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart Butterfly Valve (mechanical and electromechanical instance):

34. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart [Gate, Globe, Needle] Valve (adjustable screw — mechanical instance):

35. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Valve Smart [Gate, Globe, Needle] Valve (adjustable screw — electromechanical instance):

36. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Control Mechanism at Nozzle):

37. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Control Mechanism at Finger-Flange):

38. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Operator Responsible  Indicator Only):

39. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe or Operator Responsible  Rotation and Push-pull Latch Mechanism):

40. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Finger-Flange Module Assembly):

41. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Control for Legacy Syringes):

42. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Collapsible Latch Mechanism):

43. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Possible Position [Resolver] Sensors):

44. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Removable Thumb-rest Implementations):

45. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Intersticed control device):

46. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Motorized Control and Actuator Device):

47. CMBEC-29 CMBES 2006: June 1-3, Vancouver, BC Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Smart Syringe Smart Syringe (Fail-safe  Alternative Implementation [Cylindrical Plunger]):