1. DIRECT DARK MATTER DETECTION AT THE CANFRANC UNDERGROUND LABORATORY
FPA
JOSÉ ANGEL VILLAR RIVACOBA
Universidad de Zaragoza

2. The Search for Dark Matter
Plan of the talk
The Research Group
Members and Scientific Activities
Previous Projects on Dark Matter
The Search for Dark Matter
The ANAIS & ROSEBUD experiments
Past milestones
Most relevant results
The New Project
Future goals and perspectives
Main aspects of the budget requested

3. RESEARCH GROUP

4. The Research Group 11 EDP’s 6,5 EDP’s 17 members
Permanent Staff (PhD)
Postdoctorals
Technical Staff
- José Angel Villar (P.I.)
Catedrático (100%)
- Jorge Puimedón
Profesor Titular (100%)
- Eduardo García
- Marisa Sarsa
Profesora Titular (100%)
- Julio Amaré
Profesor Titular (50%)
- Ana Salinas
Profesora Titular (50%)
- Susana Cebrián
Profesora Contr. Doctor (50%)
- María Martínez
Investig. ARAID (100%)
- Carlos Pobes
Investig. Contr. CPAN (100%)
- Héctor Gómez
Investig. Contr. CPAN (50%)
- Ysrael Ortigoza
Investig. Contr. MICINN (100%)
- Alfonso Ortíz
Ing. Técnico UZ (100%)
- David Fortuño
Ing. Técnico MICINN (100%)
- Javier Mena
Técnico FPII MICINN (100%)
17 members
Permanent: 9
Postgraduates
- Clara Cuesta
Becario DGA (100%)
- Carlos Ginestra
Becaria MICINN (100%)
- Miguel Angel Oliván
Contratado CPAN (100%)
11 EDP’s
6,5 EDP’s

5. Scientific Activities
Experimental search for Dark Matter
Scintillating crystals of ultra pure NaI(Tl) ANAIS
Scintillating bolometers working at very low temperature ROSEBUD
R&D program in ultra low background techniques
Measurement & selection of radiopure materials
Copper electroforming of selected pieces for detectors
Scientific & technical support to LSC
UZ Group is the only Scientific Unit associated to the LSC
Environmental radioactivity measurements
Spanish program of environmental radioactivity survey
Developping of the first map of natural radioactivity in Aragón  

6. Previous Projects on Dark Matter (Last 10 years)
“Búsqueda por detección directa de partículas de Materia Oscura en
el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc”. FPA
I.P.: Ángel Morales / José Angel Villar ( )
“Programa experimental de Materia Oscura y Física de Neutrinos en
el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc”. FPA
I.P.: José Ángel Villar ( )
“Programa experimental de Materia Oscura en el Laboratorio Subte-
rráneo de Canfranc”. FPA
I.P.: José Ángel Villar ( )
“Búsqueda de Materia Oscura en el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Can-
franc: Experimentos ANAIS y ROSEBUD”. FPA
I.P.: José Ángel Villar ( )

7. The Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Spanish Singular Scientific Facility (2450 m.w.e.)
Created by our research group in 1986
1400 m2 underground m2 on surface
Operative since Summer 2010
Mounting most of approved experiments

8. SEARCH FOR DARK MATTER

9. W W ~ 1 THE UNIVERSE SEEMS TO BE MOSTLY DARK The Dark Matter Problem
We can conclude that most of the matter is non baryonic and formed by non conventional particles of unknown nature
THE UNIVERSE SEEMS TO BE MOSTLY DARK
W ~ 1
Dark Energy ~73% W
Non-Barionic Dark Matter ~23%
Barionic Dark Matter ~ 3.5%
Barionic Visible Matter ~ 0.5%

10. Scintillating bolometers
Experiments for direct detection of DM
Noble liquids
Noble liquids
ZEPLIN, XENON,
WARP, ArDM
XMASS, CLEAN,
LUX, CLEAN, DEAP
Superheating liquids
SIMPLE, COUPP,
PICASSO, COGENT
NaI crystals
IONIZATION
LIGHT
DAMA/LIBRA, ANAIS
TPCs
DRIFT, MIMAC,
DMTPC, NEWAGE
WIMP
Bolometers Ge, Si
Scintillating bolometers
EDELWEISS,
CDMS
CRESST,
ROSEBUD
HEAT

11. The ANAIS experiment
40 cm neutron shielding
Active veto
PVC box
2 mm Cd
10 cm Roman lead
20 cm lead
Vibration isolator
Project: kg NaI(Tl) scintillators to be installed at the new facilities of LSC
Goal: Look for annual modulation in the dark matter signal
Motivation: DAMA-LIBRA positive result in annual modulation of the dark matter signal (250 kg NaI(Tl), exposure: 0,87 ton.year)
Interest: Comparison of experiments is model–dependent  same target NaI
Main challenge: Radiopurity at the level of ppb in: NaI powder, crystals, PMT’s and other inner components

12. Past milestones in the way to ANAIS
Dark matter experiments with Ge detectors
LSC ( & )
Sierra Grande (Argentina) ( )
IGEX-DM @ LSC ( )
Dark matter searches with NaI(Tl) scintillators
LSC, 32 kg NaI, Mt: 4614 kg.day ( )
looking for annual modulation effect → No evidence
ANAIS prototypes LSC ( )
energy threshold, radiopurity, light collection,…
ANAIS-0 data taking ongoing (2011)
Experiment in the Road map of ASPERA (2007)
Approval of ANAIS as a LSC experiment (2008)
DM-Ice contact for possible synergies & common goals (2011)

13. Most relevant results of ANAIS prototypes
Low energy achievements
Trigger at photoelectron level achieved
Calibration at very low energy (< 3 keV): linear behaviour
Low energy estimators & noise rejection criteria developed
Required energy threshold (2 keVee) achievable
Low background achievements
Understanding & reduction of background
LB, ULB & HQE PMT’s testing (radiopurity, QE, resolution)
PSA for a/bg discrimination (U/Th internal contamination)
40K internal contamination measured (coinc. technique)
Copper electroforming ready (clean components)
New NaI powder purification process (< 100 ppb in Potassium)
Radiopure crystal growth process needed (40K, Th, U)
Required low background level (< 2 evt/keV/kg/day) achievable

14. The ROSEBUD experiment
Technique: Scintillating bolometers
Simultaneous measurement of heat & light
Particle discrimination capability  background rejection
Multiple target choice
Interest: Search for new Dark Matter targets and application as neutron detectors
Goal: Develop and optimize scintillating bolometers of different materials with applications in Nuclear and Particle Physics experiments

15. Past milestones of ROSEBUD
Collaboration with IAS (Orsay) (1997)
Underground cryogenic facilities
Installation at old facilities of LSC (1998)  dilution unit ,
construction of Faraday cage + vacuum pumping (1999)
Cryogenic facility  Low bkg cryogenic facility (2001)
new facilities of LSC (ongoing) (2011)
Incorporation to EURECA (2006)
1 ton cryogenic hybrid detector LSM (running 2018)
 1st stage: kg (running 2015)
Collaboration with ADG of Lisbon (2007)
Zaragoza of Kelvinox 100 dilution refrigerator
Reparation and upgrading of dilution unit
Preliminary tests with NTD-Ge sensors
Approval of ROSEBUD as a LSC experiment (2008)

16. Most relevant results of ROSEBUD
DM search
Experiment with Al2O3 bolometers (1999)
First underground light vs heat discrimination (CaWO4) (2001)
Multi-target strategy (distinctive WIMP signal) with bolometers (2004)
and with scintillating bolometers (2007)
Excellent light-heat discrim. of nuclear recoils: 10 keV (Al2O3) (2007)
Nuclear physics
Rare alpha decays (W isotopes) (CaWO4) (2003)
(K/L) ratio in 207Bi EC (BGO) (2010)
Fast and thermal neutron detection (LiF & Al2O3) (2008)
Detectors characterization
Absolute ligtht yield measurement (Al2O3) (2005)
Thermal REF of nuclear recoils measurement (Al2O3) (2008)
Energy partition (light-heat-traps) (2011)
BGO
LiF
Al2O3
10 keV
6Li(n,a)
resonances

17. NEW PROJECT

18. Future goals of ANAIS 1
Mounting new housing for ANAIS in hall B of LSC
Full conditioning & characterization of new cabin
Data analysis of the first test runs with ANAIS-0 module
Acquisition system and data analysis (software & hardware)
Testing & optimization of new acquisition LSC
Development of new software for slow control & data analysis
Characterization & selection of PMT’s
Characterization & selection of PMT’s (LB, ULB, HQE)
Analysis of background, efficiency, light collection and threshold
Purification up to 250 kg of radiopure NaI
Final negociations & fixing of total mass and schedule
Production of radiopure NaI batches & testing radiopurity

19. Future goals of ANAIS 2 Production of the radiopure NaI detectors
Growth protocol definition & detectors characteristics
Crystals growing & test of radiopurity
Encapsulation, PMT coupling & final testing
Full ANAIS mounting & commisioning
Reception & detector testing before mounting
Final mounting and LSC
Data analysis of ANAIS experiment
Possible future improvements of ANAIS
ANAIS simulations with feedback of experimental results
Analysis of possible addition of CsI detectors
Experimental study of temperature on the crystals response

20. Future goals of ROSEBUD
Testing of new scintillating materials at very low temperatures
Study of new possible dark matter targets
Thermal n detection and fast n spectrocopy
Study of energy partition mechanisms & scintillation characteristics
Study of scintillation at low temperatures
Analysis of resolution & threshold improvement
Design of new mechanical structures for housing double bolometers
Study of low background requeriments
Technical design, construction and test of light collection
Screening of materials for EURECA
Design of protocols & preparation of samples
Radiopurity measurements with HPGe detectors

21. BUDGET

22. Requested budget 1 PERSONNEL 295.000 € INVESTMENTS 550.000 €
Physicist/Engineer (Computing) (3 years) €
Technical Engineer (Electronics) (2 years) €
FPII Technician (Maintenance - UZ/LSC Net) (3 years) €
INVESTMENTS €
ANAIS (24 detectors)
Ultra-low background PMT’s €
Electronic modules (CAEN, MATACQ, homemade) €
Shieldings (plastic detectors, lead bricks, methacrylate box) €
Refrigeration system (cooling up to -30º) €
ROSEBUD
Scintillating crystals / bolometers €
Electronic modules (HV and amplifiers) €
Small cryogenic components €

23. Requested budget 2 CONSUMABLES 50.000 € TRAVELS EXPENSES 55.000 €
Liquid nitrogen, helium, small electronic components,
chemist and hardware materials, …
TRAVELS EXPENSES €
Travels Zaragoza-Canfranc to operate the experiments,
atendance to scientific meetings and workshops, …
OTHERS €
Material transport, works in external workshops, …
Personnel €
Investments €
Consumables €
Travel expenses €
Others €
TOTAL €

24. THANK YOU