1. Electrolytes

2. Pure water does not conduct an electric current Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 215 Source of electric power Pure water

3. Ionic Solutions conduct a Current Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 215 Source of electric power Free ions present in water

4. Electrolytes Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. (a) Nonelectrolyte (b) Weak electrolyte (c) Strong electrolyte

5. Electrolytes Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 290 Electrolytes Electrolytes - solutions that carry an electric current NaCl(aq) Na + + Cl - HF(aq) H + + F - strong electrolyteweak electrolytenonelectrolyte

6. Structure of Sucrose Table sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 469 CH 2 OH OH HO H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C O O O H

7. Solvation Strong Electrolyte Non- Electrolyte solute exists as ions only - + salt - + sugar solute exists as molecules only - + acetic acid Weak Electrolyte solute exists as ions and molecules DISSOCIATIONIONIZATION View animation online.animation

8. Korey Stringer 1974 - 2001 Korey Stringer was a professional football player for the Minnesota Vikings. He collapsed during practice from excessive heat and died the following day.

9. Electrolyte Imbalances ElectrolyteNormal range (mmol / L) ExcessDefiency Sodium Na + 135 - 145 Hypernatremia (increased urine excretion; excess water loss) Hyponatremia (dehydration; diabetes- related low blood pH; vomiting, diarrhea) Potassium K + 3.5 – 5.0 Hyperkalemia (renal failure, low blood pH) Hypokalemia (gastointestinal conditions) Hydrogen carbonate HCO 3 - 24 - 30 Hypercapina (high blood pH; hypoventilation) Hypocapnia (low blood pH; hyper- ventilation; dehydration) Chloride Cl - 100 - 106 Hyperchloremia (anemia, heart conditions, dehydration) Hypochloremia (acute infections; burns; hypoventilation)

10. Don't Sweat the Small Stuff Article KeysKeys Article "Don't Sweat the Small Stuff" http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Solutions.html

11. Effect of Salinity on Cells Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 312 isotonic solution no change hypotonic solution hemolysis crenation hypertonic solution

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. (a) Cells in dilute salt solution (b) Cells in distilled water(c) Cells in concentrated salt solution IsotonicHypotonicHypertonic