1. Innovations in Microarc Discharge Oxidizing technologies K.E. Tsyolkovsky «MATI» - Russian State Technological University Technologies of Materials Treatment by High Energy Flows Department www.tompve.ruwww.tompve.ru tel: +7-495-3538334, fax: +7-495-3538372, e-mail: tompve-2005@yandex.rutompve-2005@yandex.ru Prof. Boris L. Krit

2. Modification by nano-ceramic synthesis on metal surface Microarc Discharge Oxidizing (MDO)

3. Metal’s behavior in electrolytes Valve metals (Al, Mg, Ti, Ta, Nb, Zr, Be, Hf, W, Bi, Sb, U) exhibits the valve effect with forming AOF in metal-oxide-electrolyte system Chemical-thermal treatment Anodizing & MDO a – non-valve metals b – valve metals processes on the anode

5. Anodic-cathodic MDO process High temperature and pressure in discharge channels, rapid cooling T  2000-8000 К P  10 6 Pa, v  10 6 К/с A – anodic half-period C – cathodic half-period E l e c t r o l y t e A n- A m- OH - O 2- Me n+ Me m+ M e t a l. E l e c t r o l y t e H + Me n+ M e t a l AC

6. Surface of metal before MDO 3 2 1 Structure of MDO- proceeding surfaces Multylayered composite material: 1 – transitive layer 2 – functional layer 3 – technological layer

7. Comparative indicators of MDO ParameterMDOAnodizingThermal Spraying ● max thickness, μm up to 400up to 150up to 5000 ● roughness R a, μm 0.1 – 100.1 – 15more 20 ● adhesion, kg/mm 2 up to 50up to 12up to 30 ● micro hardness HV, kg/mm 2 up to 2200up to 750up to 1800 ● breakdown voltage, V up to 5000up to 600up to 4000 ● corrosion resistance, mark * 966-7 ● volume wear indicator, mm 3 ∙10 -3 1.5more 102.0 ● thermal shock resistance, 0 С up to 2500up to 800up to 2000 ● total porosity, % 2 – 50% (controllable)2 – 45% (limited controllable)more 30 ● ecological compatibility + –± Technology: * ГОСТ 27597-88 (Russian state standard)

8. Scheme of the MDO equip and proceeding 1 – electrolyte bath; 2 – water cooling; 3 – bubbler; 4 – electrolyte; 5, 6, 9 – valves; 7 – filter; 8 – water pump; 10 – heat exchanger (cooler); 11 – object of proceeding; 12 – air compressor; 13 – exhaust umbrella; 14 – exhaust fan; 15 – technological power supply Object of proceeding Preliminary cleaning (washing to degreasing) Rinse after treatment Drying Ready made products MDO Flow diagram under MDO

9. Experience of the equipment implementation Moscow State Industrial University, Russia (60 kW) Joint-stock company «ENA», Russia (100 kW) R&D company «Orion», Russia (200 kW) Penza polytechnic institute, Russia (60 kW) Beijing central R&D institute of Mining and Metallurgy «BCRIMM», China (100 kW) Beijing XIN OU Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., China (100 kW) Hauzer Techno Coating, Netherlands (100 kW) HPB, International Water Technology, Austria (100 kW) Belgorod State University, Russia (60 kW) Joint-stock company Cryogenmash», Russia (100 kW) National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Russia (60 kW) Gebze Institute of Technology (GYTE), Turkey (100 kW) MOFRA group, France (60 kW) Saratov electro instrument-making factory name by Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Russia (100 kW) FSUE «Ufa Device Production Association», Russia (100 kW) Technological power supply (TPS) Electrolyte bath (reactor) Automated TPS Automated technological line

10. Fields of MDO applications

11. Parts of water and vacuum pumps Microarc oxidizing of fast- rotating parts for immersed water and oil-free lamellar vacuum pumps

12. Lapped end - face consolidation for compressors Parts of disintegrators (mills)

13. Flowmeters and metering devices of liquids and gases Engine pistons

14. Details of aerospace devices

15. Pneumatic/hydraulic systems for aerospace craft

16. Parts of textile machines

17. Construction, build industry and devices’ cases

18. Results of the Mg-base alloy bike frame corrosion testing Changes caused by corrosion in external and internal surfaces of magnesium raw material Changes caused by corrosion in external and internal surfaces of MDO-treated supporting fork NSS test according ISO 3768, «AGMI Material Testing and Quality Control Co.» (Hungary)

19. Medical applications Handle of medical toolsNippers, tweezers Coxofemoral joint implants Orthopaedic implants

20. Prospects of MDO-proceeding & equipment (according to Baker Tilly Audit investigations) Appeal of the target markets Exit barriers on the market

21. ($ mln)

22. Many thanks for your attention! Conclusion: Total capacity of surface modifications market ~ $ 30 bln Promising of the MDO market rising ~19% & of the MDO equipment market rising ~25% till 2015 MDO is at an early stage of industrial development and has the perfect future! K.E. Tsyolkovsky «MATI» - Russian State Technological University Technologies of Materials Treatment by High Energy Flows Department www.tompve.ruwww.tompve.ru tel: +7-495-3538334, fax: +7-495-3538372, e-mail: tompve-2005@yandex.rutompve-2005@yandex.ru