1. SEHS Option D1: 2 – Water and electrolyte balance

2. Why is water essential to humans? (and all living things)
Is a universal solvent (all metabolic reactions take place in water (cytoplasm, plasma)
Helps regulate body temperature
Enables the transport of substances essential for growth (primarily through the blood plasma)
Allows for exchange of nutrients and metabolic end products

3. State where extracellular fluid can be located throughout the body

4. Compare water distribution in trained and untrained individuals
Generally speaking:
Trained people have a greater overall percentage of their make-up as water, vs the untrained. WHY?
(THINK HYDROPHOBICALLY)

5. What is homeostasis?
The monitoring of internal conditions (temp, pH, salinity, blood glucose, sodium…etc) and correcting via negative feedback mechanisms

6. Homeostasis & Water Balance
Excretory system (Urinary System) fundamentals

7. The Kidney and Nephron (multicellular functional unit)

8. Nephron - Ultrastructure

9. How the nephron creates urine: general scheme

10. How blood is processed to make urine

11. How the nephron creates HYPERTONIC urine

12. The additional role of ADH in maintaining water balance in your blood

13. How would you as an athlete, or as a trainer – monitor your athletes hydration status?
1. Urine color

14. 2. Urine osmolarity

15. 3. Variation in body mass loss

16. Explain why endurance athletes require a greater water intake
Do I have to?

17. Discuss the regulation of electrolyte balance during acute and chronic exercise
Electrolyte - are minerals in the blood (and other body fluids) that carry an electric charge, such as sodium, potassium and calcium
Acute exercise - an exercise that is short-lived. Are meant to be less strenuous exercises for a shorter amount of time. Ex. It could be half an hour on the cross trainer or a few minutes skipping.
Chronic exercise - refers to continued exercise over a long period of time