1. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Nonelectrolytes and Electrolytes Nonelectrolyte Electrolytes Strong Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte

2. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 2 A Precipitation Reaction Magnesium chloride is added to silver nitrate. Both reactants are soluble in water and are strong electrolytes (complete ionisation). One of the products, silver chloride, is INSOLUBLE and precipitates out as a white solid. The other product, magnesium nitrate, is soluble in water and stays in solution above the solid.

3. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 3 Solubility Rules

4. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 4 Molecular, Ionic and Net Ionic Equations Spectator Ions

5. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 5 Some Common Acids and Bases AcidsBases Strong * HCl (hydrochloric acid)* NaOH (sodium hydroxide) * HNO 3 (nitric acid)* KOH (potassium hydroxide) * H 2 SO 4 (sulphuric acid)* Ba(OH) 2 (barium hydroxide) * HBr (hydrobromic acid) * HI (hydroiodic acid) * HClO 4 (perchloric acid) Weak * CH 3 COOH (acetic acid)* NH 3 (ammonia) * HCOOH (formic acid)* CH 3 NH 2 (methylamine) * HF (hydrofluoric acid)* C 5 H 5 N (pyridine) * HCN (hydrocyanic acid) * HNO 2 (nitrous acid) * NH 4 OH (ammonium hydroxide – does not exist as such – actually it is a solution of ammonia in water)

6. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 6 Some Common Acid-Base Reactions with Gas Formation

7. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 7 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers

8. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 8 Activity Series of Metals