1. 11.1 Cells and Batteries (Page 437-444)
Homework: Page 445 # 2, 5, 8 Key Concepts (Page 445)

2. In a voltaic cell, chemical reaction involve two different metals or metals compounds (called electrodes), and a conducting solution or a paste (called an electrolyte).
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3. A battery is a connection of two or more cells.

4. A dry cell contains an electrolyte that is a paste, whereas a wet cell contains an electrolyte that is a liquid solution.

5. A primary cell can be used only once, and then it is discarded, whereas a secondary cell can be recharged many times.

6. A fuel cell generates electricity using chemical reactions of fuel stored outside the cell.

7. A solar cell converts sunlight, a renewable energy source, into electrical energy.

8. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles:
1. Compare the consequences to the environment of using an electric car and a hybrid car?
A regular gas-burning car wastes fuel and releases carbon dioxide at all times, even when stuck in traffic.
An electric car charged by the power generated by an oil burning generating plant converts twice as much energy to making a car move.
It thus wastes less fuel and produces less CO2. Hybrids save on fuel by converting braking energy into electrical energy which can later be used to move the car.
Hybrids, like electric cars, waste less fuel and produce less CO2 than regular gas cars.

10. A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste. Zinc-carbon cells
3. Write a description of the different types of cells and list examples of each one.
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Dry Cell
A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste.
Zinc-carbon cells
Alkaline cells
Wet Cell
A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a liquid.
Lead acid batteries

11. A cell that can be used only once. Zinc-carbon cells
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Primary Cell
A cell that can be used only once.
Zinc-carbon cells
Secondary Cell
A cell that can be recharged.
Nickel-metal hydride cells

12. A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Type of Cell
Description
Examples
Fuel Cell
A cell that generates electricity through the chemical reactions of fuel that is stored outside the cell.
Hydrogen fuel cell
Solar Cell
A cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy.
Solar panels

13. 5. What is an electrolyte? Explain the function of an electrolyte in a cell.
An electrolyte is a solution or paste that conducts charge.
Electrons flow from one electrode to the other outside of the battery, while inside the battery the circuit is closed by the electrolyte's ions.