1. A Study of Caffeine The negative effects of caffeine are sufficient enough that individuals should limit their consumption.

2. A Study of Caffeine Chemistry Psychological Effect Physiological Effect

3. Chemistry Structure Physical Properties

4. General Mechanism Adenosine : causes drowsiness by slowing down nerve cell/s activity Caffeine : causes the cell/s to speed up

5. Sources Coffee Drinks Foods Non-prescription Drugs

6. Physiological Effects Caffeine effects all major organ systems Many effects mediates in the brain Effects vary from benign to severe Variability between individuals Large doses are always maleficent Evidence warrants limiting caffeine intake to < 300 mg/day (3 cups of coffee)

7. Caffeine & Organs Cardiovascular system & Caffeine: heart, veins & arteries, blood pressure and content Digestive System & Caffeine: stomach, intestines, liver, bowels and bladder

8. Caffeine & Organs Muscular & Skeletal Systems & Caffeine: skeletal muscles and bone health Reproductive System & Caffeine: pregnancy and infertility Respiratory System & Caffeine: lungs and respiration

9. Psychological Effects Moderate dosage High Dosage Addiction/Withdrawal

10. Moderate Dosage Effects –Dizziness, anxiety, agitation, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, recurring headaches, nausea, hyperesthesia Post Stimulation Effects –Lower CNS stimulation compared to placebo, fatigue, lethargy, apathy

11. High Dosage Caffeinism A.K.A Restless Legs Syndrome –similar to anxiety neurosis –anxiety, hysteria, nervousness, irritability, headache, twitching –misdiagnosed –sleep disorders

12. Addiction/Withdrawal Addiction can occur after only 6-15 days of exposure to a moderate dose Withdrawal symptoms set in within 12-24 hours after cessation of caffeine intake –include: fatigue, headache, apathy, and anxiety –symptoms peak around 36 hours and subside after a week –symptoms can be relieved through dose tapering and OTC analgesics

13. Conclusion Caffeine can negatively effect both physiological and psychological functions More than 300 mg of caffeine per day can be harmful Based on our evidence, caffeine intake should be limited