1. Normative data of the Finnish version of Hypomanic Personality Scale Jouko Miettunen, MPhil, MSc Department of Psychiatry University of Oulu Finland Kuopio, June 17th 2004

2. Hypomania §episodic, speeded state resembling mania, but lacking its intensity or duration Hypomanic personality §Individuals with hypomanic personality are l cheerful, exuberant, optimistic, extraverted, tireless and self-confident §but they are also l irritable, overbearing, reckless and irresponsible §Hypomanic personality is thought to be a risk factor for manic and major depressive episodes

3. Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) §48 items (true/false), for example There are often times when I am so restless that it is impossible for me to sit still. There have often been times when I had such an excess of energy that I felt little need to sleep at night. There are so many fields I could succeed in that it seems a shame to have to pick one. I seem to be a person whose mood goes up and down easily. I can't imagine that anyone would ever write a book about my life. (keyed false) Eckblad & Chapman (1986) Development and validation of a scale for hypomanic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 214-222.

4. Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort §12058 children born in regions of Oulu and Lapland §the 31-year follow-up survey l subjects living in regions of Oulu and Lapland, and in Helsinki area were invited to clinical examination (N=8465) l postal questionnaire including HPS filled in at home (N=5999) l HPS was filled in without missing items by 4661 subjects §Representative sample, most previous samples have included only students

5. 1012141618202224 Females 30-39y Females 25-29y Males 30-39y Males 25-29y Hypomanic Personality Scale normative studies on adults (1) Rawlings et al. 2000 U.K. (1)... 0 score Females 31y Males 31y 10.62 11.78 t test, p < 0.001 Finland (2), (2) Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort 19.88 20.03 15.09 17.70 mean

6. Education and hypomania 12562999404N = Educational level 1997 TertiarySecondaryPrimary Hypomanic Personality Scale score 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 12.7 11.3 10.7

7. Conclusions §Preliminary results in this Finnish data set show low scores on the HPS scale compared to previous studies §There is a comparable finding of low incidence of mania in Finland §Females scored higher in the HPS §People with lower level of education scored higher in the HPS

8. Study group §Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu (Matti Isohanni, Liisa Kantojärvi, Juha T Karvonen, Kristian Läksy, Jouko Miettunen, Juha Veijola) §Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere (Matti Joukamaa) §National Public Health Institute, Helsinki (Leena Palotie) §Imperial College London, UK & Dept of Public Health, University of Oulu (Marjo-Riitta Järvelin) §UCLA, Los Angeles, USA (Nelson Freimer) §Columbia University, New York, USA (Jesper Ekelund) §University of Bonn, Germany (Dirk Lichtermann)

9. References §Claridge et al. (1996) The factor structure of ‘schizotypal’ traits: A large replication study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 103-115. §Eckblad & Chapman (1986) Development and validation of a scale for hypomanic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 214-222. §Meyer & Hautzinger (2003) Screening for bipolar disorders using the Hypomanic Personality Scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75, 149-154. §Rawlings et al. (2000) A factor analytic study of the Hypomanic Personality Scale in British, Spanish and Australian samples. Pers Individ Dif, 28, 73-84.