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Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828
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Goya created About 500 oil paintings 280 lithographs and etchings (and he used the most modern methods) Nearly a thousand drawings
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His life can be divided into four stages: Until 1793 – slow rise to maturity 1793 – illness that left him deaf and released pent up creative forces within him 1808 – Napoleonic invasion and Goya’s responses to the war. 1819 – a second illness, he retires to the Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings
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First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons Produced for the Royal Tapestry Factory (Charles III) Rococo tendencies in nature and pose of figures Girl seems to stare at spectator, giving a sense of realism Clothing implies social class Relationship between the two? Parasol? General impression?
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Blind Man´s Bluff --1789
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Etchings after Velázquez Las meninas 1773
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Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an Impenitent -- 1788 “The most sharply accurate vision of the collapse of the great religious and monarchic traditions of the West” Turning point: first use of the fantastic Emphasis on sinner’s naked body, expression Restless agony vs. pious zeal Rejection of idealized concept of expression (Neoclassicism) Emphasis on extremes
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Portraits Rich clothing All the insignias of royalty, powdered wig Face? Impression? Critique? Charles IV -- 1789
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Queen María Luisa -- 1789 Rich royal clothing Royal insignias Hair and hat? Face? Personality? Attitude of Goya towards her?
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The Straw Mannequin -- 1791
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Second Stage, after losing his hearing Yard of lunatics – 1793 Images of madness Enclosure Continuation of tendency begun with Saint Francis of Borgia Alienation and despair Movement Use of light Chaotic jumble of bodies
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The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799 Series of 82 etchings Satirizing all aspects of society: –Aristocracy –Church –Greed –Prostitution –Marriage –Folly –Cruelty –Etc.
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Descendant of donkeys
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Love and Death
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Caprice 43 Marks a change in the series The Sleep/Dream of Reason Produces Monsters Neoclassical or Romantic? The sublime Nightmare visions
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1808 – 1814 Napoleon and the War of Independence The 3 rd of May, 1808
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Conformity of soldiers, power conveyed by abstract shape Victims cover their eyes, pray Center: man with outstretched arms = crucifixion Concentration of light, color on man
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The disasters of the war Set of 82 etchings Realities of war: Violence Savagery Rape murder
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The Colossus – between 1808- 1812 Ambiguity of giant –Ignorant, arrogant prince? (Ferdinand VII) Mountains= the powerful Donkey=nobility –Hercules who rises up against Napoleon? –Buried to above the knees –Back to spectator –Closed eyes
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Ferdinand VII El deseado (1814) Period of absolutism (1814-1820), persecution of liberals 1820-1823 constitutional monarchy (Intervention of 100,000 Sons of Saint Louis) 1823-1833 Ominous Decade
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Disparates or Proverbs (1816- 1823) Not published until 1864 Last great series of etchings Gives himself up to the irrational, nocturnal, fantastic, grotesque and terrifying Disparate del miedo [fear}
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Los ensacados [In sacks]
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The Inquisition -- 1816
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Black Paintings– 1820-1823 The witches’ Sabbath
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Dog on a leash or Dog fighting against the current
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Fight with Cudgels Stephen Mark
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The Milkmaid from Bordeaux Goya in exile in Bordeaux Girl has a melancholy, dreamy, far away gaze Color: greens and blues Influence on Impressionists
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