1. Early American Settlements
American Colonization

2. Why would anyone want to come here?
Profit
Freedom of Religion
Freedom from Tyranny
Free Land

3. Roanoke, 1587
Sir Walter Raleigh tries to establish a colony in N. Carolina
117 people are living at the settlement, after 4 years no one is found
This discourages others from colonizing the Americas

4. Jamestown, 1607 First permanent colony in the Americas
The Virginia Company is granted a charter.
-Their goal was to seek gold, silver, and fur for profit

5. Reasons why Jamestown thrived
John Smith helped motivate colonists to do work so they could survive
He managed to establish good relations with local tribal leader, and barter for corn
In winter of 1609, however, Smith returned to England and the time became known as “the starving time.”

6. Jamestown Politics Economics
Tobacco: a staple crop that helped investors gain much of the profit they desired
Private Land Ownership: Englishmen were encouraged to move to the colony were they could receive land and tend to it on their own and make profits for themselves
Government:
Representative government created through the House of Burgesses (1619).
The first legislative assembly of elected representative in N. America

7. Plymouth Colony, 1620 Background:
Back in the 1500’s King Henry 8, broke away from the Catholic Church and named the state church Angelican. Many people were unhappy with the change, both Catholics and Protestants.
Reason for leaving England: religious freedom
- They were Separatists who called themselves Pilgrims because their journey had a religious purpose (not all members of the Plymouth colony were religious)

8. Founding of the Plymouth Colony
The Mayflower carried 102 passengers to the Americas
They ended up north of their original plan and established the Plymouth colony
Mayflower Compact (1620): compact promised to honor the King of England and to obey laws passed for the good of the colony
Mayflower compact was a necessary step in the development of representative government in America

9. Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1629
The Massachusetts Bay was founded in Boston by Puritans seeking religious tolerance
John Winthrop, governor of the colony
Great Migration
1630’s-15,000 puritans came to MA seeking escape from persecution
Winthrop pushed many out because of his intolerance or differences

10. Connecticut Thomas Hooker-founded Hartford
-brought his congregation with him from Massachusetts
-Combined with two other towns, he helped create the colony of Connecticut
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

11. Rhode Island Roger Williams
Felt positive about religious freedom & not taking land from natives
Was banished from Massachusetts in 1635
Created a safe place for dissenters

12. Types of Colonies
Royal colony: a colony governed directly by the crown through a governor and council appointed by it
Proprietary colony: a colony granted to some individual or individuals with full governing rights

13. Middle Colonies

14. New York Given to the Duke of York by King Charles II
Colonists were promised:
- freedom of religion
- to keep their property
Duke appoints governor and council to direct affairs of the colony, as a result of the swell in population
After much resistance from New York colonists, the English government allows them to elect their own legislature

15. New Jersey
Given to both Lord Berkeley and Sir Carteret by the Duke of York
Colonists were offered:
Tracts of land
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
And a representative assembly
Eventually the land passed back into the hands of the King, because they did not make the profits they had hoped for. However, the colonists still made their own local laws

16. Pennsylvania
William Penn acquired the land after an old debt was settled by King Charles
Belonged to Society of Friends, aka Quakers
Charter of Liberties , granted colonists the right to elect representatives

17. Delaware
Delaware was created from the southernmost part of Pennsylvania, the Three Lower Counties
Charter of Privileges allowed the lower counties to form own legislature
Thereafter, they functioned as their own separate colony, supervised by Pennsylvania’s governor

18. Southern Colonies

19. Maryland Founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for persecuted Catholics
Colony named after Queen Henrietta Maria or the Virgin Mary
Maryland forced colonist to plant more than just tobacco
Aristocrats vs. Farmers
Indentured Servants vs. Slaves

20. Mason-Dixon Line The boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania
Rivalry between Calvert & Penn Families
Settled by two astronomers
Scientists laid out boundary stones with the family’s crest on them

21. Act of Toleration Passed in 1649
Designed to protect anyone from making Maryland a Protestant colony (to protect Catholics)
It gave both sects of Christianity the right to freely worship
1692, the Protestant-controlled assembly named the state church Anglican and placed same rules on Catholics that existed in England

22. North Carolina Founded by 8 prominent aristocrats
Settled by farmers from Virginia’s backcountry
They did not have a good harbor, relied on Virginia ports to export goods for trade
Crops includes Tobacco, forest products

23. South Carolina
More prosperous than the north, due to fertile land and good harbor
Rice was a leading crop in the wet coastal lowlands
Indigo
More than half people in S. Carolina were enslaved

24. Georgia Last of the British colonies in America
Led by James Olgethorpe
It was a debtor colony, were they could make a fresh start
Colony was also a buffer between the other colonies and Spanish Florida
Highest percentage of non-british persons than any other colony