1. Roundworms Pathophysiology

2. Ascaris lumbricoides largest nematode parasitizing the human intestine most common human helminthic infection worldwide

3. MOT: ingestion of infective eggs Larval migration through the lungs Most common site: JEJUNUM

4. Case Ascaris Bolus

5. Ascariasis Diagnosis: identification of eggs in the stool

6. ASCARIASIS DOC:mebendazole blocks glucose uptake of the parasite

7. Enterobiaisis Enterobius vermicularis human pinworm Adult females: 8 to 13 mm, adult male: 2 to 5 mm Humans : only hosts

8. MOT: ingestion of eggs

9. Enterobiasis most typical symptom nocturnal perianal pruritus Ectopic enterobiasis

10. Enterobiasis Diagnosis: microscopic identification of eggs Scotch test cellulose-tape slide test (3 negative results) Swube tubes

11. Pinworm Collector Tubes

12. Flashlight test: “cotton threads”

13. Enterobiasis DOC: pyrantel pamoate. -spastic paralysis of the worm

14. Trichinellosis (trichinosis) Trichinella spiralis Worldwide Most common in parts of Europe and the United States

15. MOT: ingestion of contaminated meat with encysted cyst

17. The nurse cell–Larvae complex may persist for 6 months to several years before calcification and death occur.

18. trichinellosis (trichinosis), Steroids Albendazole: decreases ATP production in worms, causing energy depletion, immobilization, and death

19. Prevention adequate cooking to kill the parasite. If no trace of pink in fluid or flesh is found, these temperatures have been reached.

20. Freezing : Salting, smoking, or drying the meat does not kill cysts.

21. Human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale: Old World hookworm Necator americanus: New World hookworm Ancylostoma braziliense: penetrate the human skin (causing cutaneous larva migrans), but do not develop any further

22. HOOKWORMS second most common human helminthic infection Worldwide distribution, mostly in areas with moist, warm climate

23. MOT: skin penetration by filariform larvae Veins  heart  lungs  trachea  GIT oral and transmammary route

24. Hookworm Filariform Larvae

25. NECATOR ANCYLOSTOMA pair of ventral semilunar, curved cutting plates 4 ventral teeth

26. HOOKWORMS Necator ingests 0.03 mL of blood per worm per day Ancylostoma ingests 0.20 mL blood per worm per day.

27. HOOKWORMS Ground itch: Necator -intensely pruritic, erythematous, or vesicular rash usually appears on the feet or hands pneumonitis (Loefflerlike syndrome) manifested by cough, fever, and malaise.

28. HOOKWORMS DIAGNOSIS: Microscopic identification of eggs in the stool AncylostomaNecator

29. HOOKWORM DOC: Albendazole, Mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate can also be used

30. Ancylostoma braziliensis (cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption) tropical and subtropical countries Gulf and southern Atlantic states. primarily a hookworm of dogs and cats can infect man and cause skin eruptions larvae have a tendency to move around for 2 to 10 weeks

31. CREEPING LARVAE MIGRANS Pathognomonic: serpiginous tunnels

32. Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm; fiery serpent of the Israelites) 50 million people North, West and Central Afric southwestern Asia West Indies northeastern South America

34. MOT: ingestion of contaminated water with copepod (larvae inside)

35. Copepod Water fleas/ Cyclops

36. Dracunculiasis