1. EQ: How can we determine the safety and drinkability of our water supplies? LT: I can describe and analyze the methods of water filtration & water quality testing. LT: I will explain the Water Quality Tests. I will explain the importance of bioindicators in determining water quality.

2. Welcome! Warm Up 3/26/13 1.Define pH 2.What is the optimum level? 3.What are the different ways we can test pH? Go to goo.gl/vta7d1 to record your response

3. Review Water Quality Data: Open in Google Drive 39: Water Quality Data Analysis Activity

5. Just like we, humans, like to live in certain places so do other organisms Limnology is the study of fresh water environments to learn about water quality and study trends of human influence Our water quality indicators that deal with nonliving measurements are abiotic Biotic (living) are the bioindicators

6. Table of Contents 1 Title Assignment Water on Earth Notes11 River Basin Notes 12 River Basin Vocab13 River Basin Scavenger Hunt14 Estuaries Notes 15 Wetlands16 Diagram River Basin to Estuary17 Wetlands and Estuaries Vocab 18 Estuary Ecosystems 19 Ocean Food Webs20 Ocean Properties 21 Ocean Zones and Layers 22 Groundwater Notes and Soil Testing 23 Water Filtration Notes and Vocab 24 Water Quality Indicators (Handout)25 Water Quality Lab (Handout) 26 Bio-indicators 27

7. Bio-Indicators 27 Fresh Water Studies: Water Quality & Living Organisms

9. Bio-indicators: macroinvertebrates found living in water (they tend to remain in one place) that are sensitive to pollution. The range in size from dragonflies to crayfish

10. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Temperature

11. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Optimal Temperature Range OrganismTemp(°C) Trout5-20 Smallmouth Bass5-28 Caddisfly larvae10-25 Mosquito larvae10-25 Carp10-25 Catfish20-25 Temperature: Optimal range for Biodiversity is 5-25 ‘C.

12. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Dissolved Oxygen

13. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Dissolved Oxygen The higher the levels of D.O. the more diversity in organisms Minimum DO Requirements OrganismDO (mg/l) Trout6.5 Smallmouth Bass6.5 Caddisfly larvae4.0 Carp2.0 Catfish2.5 Mosquito larvae1.0

14. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? pH

15. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? pH: Optimal range for bio-indicators Is between 6.5-8.2 Effects of pH on aquatic life pH___________Effect__________________ 4.0-4.5 All fish, most frogs, insects absent 5.0-5.5 Bacteria die. Detritus accumulates, locking up essential nutrients. 6.5-8.2 Optimal for most organisms 11.0-11.5 Rapidly lethal to all species of fish

16. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

17. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Natural TDS come from rocks and soil from the watershed that drains into the stream, river, pond or lake. Changes in TDS can indicate a problem. If salts are high, dehydration occurs. Solids cause a laxative effect. Dissolved minerals can affect the pH, raising or lowering depending on the ions present. Range: 50-250 mg/l

18. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Turbidity

19. How do abiotic factors affect freshwater organisms? Turbidity High turbidity decreases sunlight which decreases the rate of photosynthesis. Water that is highly turbid will warm faster, decreasing the dissolved oxygen available for respiration of all organisms.

21. Factors that affect Bio- Indicators What are the ideal conditions: Dissolved Oxygen (DO): 9 (min. 4-5) Temp: 0’C – 32’C pH: 7 Nitrates: 50- 250 Turbidity: the greater the number the better

22. Includes Insects (Tier 2) Crustaceans (Tier 3) Mollusks (Tier 3)

24. Tier 0: The Sun

25. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun

26. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun Tier 2: Zooplankton & Insects

27. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun Tier 2: Zooplankton & Insects Tier 3: Crustaceans, Insects, Mollusks, Small Fish

28. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun Tier 2: Zooplankton & Insects Tier 3: Crustaceans, Insects, Mollusks, Small Fish Tier 4: Smaller Fishes

29. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun Tier 2: Zooplankton & Insects Tier 3: Crustaceans, Insects, Mollusks, Small Fish Tier 4: Smaller Fishes Tier 5: Predatory Fishes

30. Tier 1: Pytoplacton & Plants Tier 0: The Sun Tier 2: Zooplankton & Insects Tier 3: Crustaceans, Insects, Mollusks, Small Fish Tier 4: Smaller Fishes Tier 5: Predatory Fishes Tier 6: Top Predators

31. Photo: Smith Mountain Lake

32. Sensitive to Changes Cannot easily escape changes Collected very easily

33. What do macroinvertebrates do? JobExample Predatorsdragonfly, damselfly, beetles Filter feedersmussels, fly larvae, midge larvae Scraperssnails, mayfly larvae Collectorsworms, planarians Shreddersamphipods, caddisfly larvae

34. Group A: Very sensitive to Environmental Stresses StonefliesMayfliesCaddisfliesDobsonfliesWater penny Group B: Somewhat sensitive to Environmental Stresses DragonfliesCranefliesDamselfliesCrayfishScuds Group C: Tolerant to Environmental Stresses Midges LeechesSnailsPouch SnailsBlackfly larva

35. Conclusion: Freshwater organisms-the Biotic part of the Freshwater environment- have “Limits” or “Optimal ranges” in water quality where they prefer to live. The quality of water can be determined by what and how many organisms are living in that environment. Macro invertebrates are used to evaluate the quality and history of the water environment.

36. Image credits-Used with permission 1-17R.B. Elder 18-25Norbert Hamm 26-32Norbert Hamm

37. Finish all make-up work

38. Nitrates Video Click Here http://goo.gl/y NybUJhttp://goo.gl/y NybUJ

39. Bio- Indicators Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HysvsXcmVI Click Here http://goo.gl/iL RvfM