1. Reproduction By Aimee Chavez

2. Sexual Vs. Asexual  Sexual reproduction: ( Meiosis) 2 parents and one or many offspring with genetic diversity  Examples: sperm + egg = zygote  seed plants  Asexual reproduction (mitosis) 1 parent and one or many offspring which are an exact copy of the parent.

3. Sexual vs. asexual

4. Mitosis & The Cell Cycle  Reproduction of regular body cells such as skin cells. An exact copy is made.

5. Meiosis and Sex Cells  Meiosis: a process that produces 4 sex cells (haploid) which have 23 chromosomes. Sperm or egg.  Often there are mistakes during meiosis and a cell can have too few or too many chromosomes. I.e. Downs syndrome

6. Sprouting Some vegetables such as sweet potatoes which grow sprouts can reproduce asexually.

7. Strawberries form runners & fragmentation

8. Budding  Some organisms such as hydra and sponges can reproduce through a process called budding.

9. Regeneration  Sea stars, Planarians, Lizards can regrow a body part called regeneration.

10. Binary Fission  Bacteria and amoeba reproduce via binary fission.

11. Bacteria:  need food, temperature, and suitable living conditions  Asexual: Binary fission. One cell divides to form two identical cells  Sexual: some reproduce by conjugation where 2 parents who combine genetic information. No babies!

13. Fungi:  spores are surrounded by a covering and are carried thru air and water. The spores are produced in fruiting bodies which are reproductive hyphae.  Asexual: adequate moisture and food, reproduce by fruiting bodies that become spores  Unicellular yeast uses budding where a small yeast cell grows from body and breaks off as a new organism.  Sexual: unfavorable hyphae of two grow together and genetic material is exchanged, new spore producing structure grows from the formed hyphae

15. Protists:  asexual or sexual  Amoeba: asexual replicates nucleus and fission occurs  Fungus like produce spores  Sexual: stress like from environment offspring have better survival a gamete becomes a zygote 

16. Plants:  two stages or generations  Sporophyte: produces spores and gametophyte: produces sex cells sperm and egg  Spores gametophyte to sperm and egg zygote to sporophyte

18. Gymnosperm: cones and naked seeds needle like scale like deep roots  Produces male and female cones  Scale on female has 2 ovules male produces pollen grains that mature to sperm  Egg cell develops inside ovules  Wind scatters pollen which becomes trapped on sticky ovules  Pollen produces a tube which grows into ovule sperm moves through and joins with the egg  The ovule becomes a seed and egg becomes an embryo  Wind disperses the seeds which become a seedling and a tree 

20. Angiosperms: flowering plants  Angiosperm produces flowers  Inside ovary an egg cell is produced in each ovule cells in the anther produce pollen  Pollen gets trapped in the stigma  Pollen grains produced pollen tubes that grows into ovule a sperm cell moves through the pollen tube an joins with the egg cell  Ovule becomes a seed and fertilized egg becomes and embryo  Ovary becomes a fruit with seeds  Seeds become a new plant

21.  Angiosperms

22. Sponges Sexual: sperm and egg make larva immature and looks different than adult Asexual: Budding

23. Cnidarians: polyps: budding sexual

24. Worms:  sexual and asexual some are male and female  Asexual: breaking into pieces, except earthworms which can only grow back tail : regeneration

25. Insects:  Complete metamorphosis  Egg female in moist place  Larva egg hatch to larva  Pupa sings legs antenna form protective case  Crawls out unfurls wings exoskeleton hardens

27. Gradual metamorphosis  Egg to soil  Nymph looks like mini adult no wings  Larger nymph molts  Adult wings

29. Amphibians  Frogs and toads have external fertilization salamander is internal  Eggs have a clear jelly moist and protective  Egg to legless tadpole to hind legs to frog to adult

31.  Reptiles: eggs fertilized internally shell   Birds: internal fertilization and lay eggs have harder shells   Mammals: internal fertilization  Young develop in mom feed with milk