1. Thinking about Turtles & Evolution Part 1: How the Turtle Gets its Shell

2. Strange Anatomy

3. Expanding edge of the carapacial ridge.
Unique Development
Expanding edge of the carapacial ridge.
A. Entire embryo in cross-section B. Enlargement.

4. Formation of Bone in Turtle Shell
Endochondral
Intramembranous
Advantages of Metamerism (repeating body segments)

5. Microevolution vs Macroevolution
Microeveolution by Speciation (Darwin) Macroevolution = Whole New Body Plans (like turtles) Revision of Text Analogy
Problems with transitional forms in nature
Microevolution vs Macroevolution

6. Uniramous & Biramous Appendages Mutation and Specilization

7. Gene Regulation: On/Off Switches

8. Real world example of Gene Regulation in Prokaryote (E. coli)
Generalize to molecules from adjacent cells serving as signals

9. Expanding edge of the carapacial ridge.
Unique Development
Expanding edge of the carapacial ridge.
A. Entire embryo in cross-section B. Enlargement.

10. Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster
Larva (maggot)
Adult

11. Embryonic Limb Buds
Normal
Mutated