2. In the Presidential election of 1800 there were two political parties going head to head Federalists Democratic-Republicans

3. FEDERALISTSDEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON

4. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied with 73 electoral college votes

5. The House voted to break the tie and it stayed tied until the 36 th vote in which Jefferson was elected President

6. To prevent future showdowns between a presidential and vice-presidential candidate, Congress passed the 12 th Amendment in 1803. It required electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots.

7. Jefferson’s many talents and interests included: LAWYER INVENTOR ARCHITECTURE MUSIC HORSEMAN SCIENTIST READING

8. Because of his diversity, Jefferson wanted a calm America such as in the French Revolution, laissez-faire. Let people do as they choose.

9. Jefferson’s policies: -Support independent farmers -Why? -When people own property, they fight to protect it -Reduce size of government -How? -Cut army by one-third -Cut navy from 25 to 7 ships *

10. Jefferson’s policies: * -Expand nation -Where? -Westward -Reduce debt -How? -Reduce gov’t positions, reduce military, customs duties, sale of western lands Taxes on foreign imported goods

11. What happened to each of the following: -Alien and Sedition Act -Naturalization Act -Threatened liberties -Whiskey Tax -Substituted with customs duties

13. Judiciary Act of 1801 * -Set up regional courts -Adams makes Federalist appointments -John Marshall as Chief Justice -Former Secretary of State

15. MARBURY v. MADISON -William Marbury did not receive his paperwork -Pres Jefferson told James Madison, current Secretary of State, not to send out remaining papers -Madison won *

16. MARBURY v. MADISON established the concept of judicial review * The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution.

17. Judicial Review -Constitution is supreme law -Conflicts between Constitution and any other law, Constitution must be followed -Judicial branch has duty to determine when conflicts arise between federal laws and Constitution and to nullify unconstitutional laws

18. * McCulloch v. Maryland -1819 -Elastic Clause -Allows Congress to do more than the constitution expressly authorizes it to do

19. * Gibbons v. Ogden -1824 -Federal law takes precedent over state law in interstate transportation