1. Evaluation of Alternative Quad Bike Safety Systems FarmSafe Australia Symposium 31 October 2013 Shane Richardson, Andreas Sandvik, Chris Jones, Tia Orton-Gaffney, Nikola Josevski, Wei Pei (Tandy) Pok and Thomas Emmett

2. Background

3. Background

4. Background Albert Einstein: “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”

5. Background Heads of Workplace Health and SafetyHeads of Workplace Health and Safety Anon. ‘Report of the Technical Engineering Group (TEG) to the Heads of Workplace Health and Safety Authorities (HWSA)’, Trans Tasman Working Party on “Quad Bike Safety” Meeting, October 5-6, 2010, Australia. “…reasonably practicable for a device to be developed that when fitted to Quad Bike reduces the potential for death and/or serious injury caused by entrapment beneath an overturned vehicle?”

6. Background Heads of Workplace Health and SafetyHeads of Workplace Health and Safety – To prevent entrapment Crush injuryCrush injury Traumatic or mechanical asphyxiaTraumatic or mechanical asphyxia Anon. ‘Report of the Technical Engineering Group (TEG) to the Heads of Workplace Health and Safety Authorities (HWSA)’, Trans Tasman Working Party on “Quad Bike Safety” Meeting, October 5-6, 2010, Australia.

7. Background RichardsonRichardson –Used PC-Crash to simulate Quad bike rollover –18 riderless tests to validate the models –400 simulations (4 x100) –http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjYkHo7lOq xUsjYA2A1dqKE2F3oMGZAvI&feature=mh_lolz http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjYkHo7lOq xUsjYA2A1dqKE2F3oMGZAvI&feature=mh_lolzhttp://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjYkHo7lOq xUsjYA2A1dqKE2F3oMGZAvI&feature=mh_lolz Richardson S. Orton T, Sandvik A. Jones C. Josevski N. and Pok W P., ‘Simulation of Quad Bike (ATV) Rollover Using PC- Crash to Evaluate Alternative Safety Systems’, 13-0286, 23rd Enhnaced Safety of Vehicles, Seoul, South Korea,

8. Validation Data SnookSnook –Presented 42 Quad Bike rollover tests Used 18 testsUsed 18 tests MUARCMUARC –Overturn angle 39 ⁰ Snook C., ‘An assessment of passive roll over protection for Quad Bikes’, University of Southern Queensland, Australia Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) Rechnitzer G., Day L., Grzebieta R., Zou R. and Richardson S. ‘All Terrain Vehicle Injuries and Deaths’ Monash University Accident Re-search Centre, 19 March 2003

9. Validation Models

10. PC-Crash Models

11. Simulation Scenarios 2000 (5 x 400)2000 (5 x 400) Ramped (side tilt) anglesRamped (side tilt) angles –20 ⁰ to 29 ⁰ (in 1 ⁰ intervals) Lateral speeds 6km/h to 15km/hLateral speeds 6km/h to 15km/h –1 km/h intervals Longitudinal speeds 0km/h to 30km/hLongitudinal speeds 0km/h to 30km/h –10km/h intervals

12. Simulation Scenarios Torso impact forceTorso impact force –1,500N approximates 6.9g –3,000N approximates 13.9g Traumatically or mechanical asphyxiatedTraumatically or mechanical asphyxiated –Torso resting force > 1,000N for greater than 7 minutes –Used simulated average resting torso force

13. 2000 Simulations Quad BikeQuad Bike First 1.5sFirst 1.5s 48 of 400 +1,500N48 of 400 +1,500N 11 of 400 +3,000N11 of 400 +3,000N

14. 2000 Simulations Quad BikeQuad Bike Resting torsoResting torso 46 of 400 +1,000N46 of 400 +1,000N

15. 2000 Simulations Rider Torso impact force >1,500NRider Torso impact force >1,500N –48 times Quad Bike –2 times Quadbar CPD –0 times LifeGuard CPD –0 times ROPS unrestrained –0 times ROPS restrained

16. 2000 Simulations Rider Torso impact force >3,000NRider Torso impact force >3,000N –11 times Quad Bike –0 times Quadbar CPD –0 times LifeGuard CPD –0 times ROPS unrestrained –0 times ROPS restrained

17. 2000 Simulations Rider Torso resting force >1,000NRider Torso resting force >1,000N –46 times Quad Bike –28 times Quadbar CPD –1 time LifeGuard CPD –0 times ROPS unrestrained –0 times ROPS restrained

18. Real World Crashes ExampleExample –105kg adult male riding across a side slope on a quad bike with a spray tank – Rolled laterally and ejected the rider –The rider was found beneath the quad bike. –Cause of death was traumatic asphyxiation

19. Example OEM

20. Example Quadbar

21. Conclusions Where there is an identifiable risk of serious or fatal injury from quad rollover, consideration should be given to fitting either: CPD or ROPS to mitigate the potential for serious and/or fatal injury due to torso impact or entrapment during a quad bike rollover.

22. Thank you

23. Delta-V Experts 835 Mt Alexander Road Moonee Ponds Victoria 3039 +61 (0)3 9481 2200 dve@dvexperts.net