1. LAW ENFORCEMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY, JAMAICA
1st Regional
JAMAICA CONSTABULARY FORCE
LAW ENFORCEMENT
ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE
JCF ANTI-CORRUPTION BRANCH
CARICOM COMMUNITY
“Police Corruption- Successful Approaches and Systems”
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Major V. “Dave” Anderson

2. “Towards Regional Cooperation for Anti-Corruption”
CONFERENCE THEME
“Towards Regional Cooperation for Anti-Corruption”

3. CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES
To share experiences on the status of law enforcement anti-corruption initiatives in the region.
To seek support for a declaration of intent for regional law enforcement anti-corruption collaboration .
To begin the process of establishing a network for regional law enforcement cooperation on anti-corruption.

4. POLICE CORRUPTION
The abuse of police authority for personal or organisational gain.
Actions range from bribes to international organised crime
Over the decades several differing approaches have been taken towards anti-corruption
Internal
External
Strategic
Shotgun/ Scatter shot
Combination

5. INTERNAL APPROACHES Internal Affairs – most LEAs Queensland, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Anti-Corruption Branch (ACB), Jamaica

6. EXTERNAL APPROACHES Police Ombudsman- Northern Ireland
Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) – Hong Kong
National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE)
CACOLE (Canada)
Knapp Commission (1972), NY, USA
Mollen Commission (1994), NY, USA

7. MODELS Hong Kong, ICAC Queensland, Australia
New South Wales, Australia
Jamaica

8. Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption
Established in 1974 in one of the most corrupt citizens in the world
All major crimes were protected
Many were skeptical of the success of the ICAC
In three years, the ICAC smashed all corruption syndicates in the Government
Prosecuted 247 government officials, 143 officers

9. Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption
Results
“The competitive advantage of Hong Kong is the ICAC”
Organised corruption prevention studies, mass media campaign, public education (expensive)
Intensive training and selection (public support)
In 30 years the ICAC
Eradicated all overt corruption in Government
Amongst the first to effectively enforce private sector corruption
Change public’s attitude
Promoted international cooperation

10. Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption
Three Pronged Strategy
Deterrence
Prevention
Education
Dedicated and independent anti-corruption agency
Hong Kong Strategy
Construct Strategic Plan by conducting an External and Internal Environmental Analysis e.g. PESTEL, SWOT
Identify Major Problems
Formulate Strategy

11. Civilian Oversight of Police- Australia
Single police oversight and anti-corruption agency demonstrates that corruption will NOT be tolerated
Australia did so by coordinating a multi-agency task force of 19 agencies
These agencies included:
State and Territory LEAs
The Aus. Federal Police
Aus. Customs
Dept. of Immigration

12. Queensland Police Service- Australia
The creation of a separate oversight body was recommended when:
Internal controls fail
Police lack the will, resources and capacity to exercise controls effectively
In 1989, the QPS was debilitated by misconduct, inefficiency, incompetence and deficient leadership.

13. New South Wales- Australia
The failure of internal investigations in the NSW was due to the:
Ineffective investigative techniques
Failure to utilize an intelligence led approach
Failure to conduct investigations through a multi-disciplinary proactive investigative unit
An independent inquiry saw external oversight and investigation as advantageous

14. Civilian Oversight of Police- Australia
These are the two most developed Australian models of police oversight
They operate to different degrees in conjunction with internal disciplinary mechanisms and management.
If civilian oversight and internal disciplinary systems continue to be scrutinized, it will ensure public confidence is maintained.

15. Global anti-corruption approaches
UN Convention Against Corruption
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
G8 Summit
UN Global Compact
INTERPOL
World Bank / IMF
Transparency International
USAID
CARICOM
CBSI
RLEACC

16. What makes and shapes effective anti-corruption systems?
Institutional matrix of comprehensive legal and institutional safeguards to prevent corruption and protect public interest, multi-disciplinary approach
Strong leadership, political will and public support (International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2011)
Cooperation with fellow LEAs
Having the necessary data to inform policy and strategy using a corruption environmental analysis/ internal strategic review of the police force
Resource Funding- USAID, OAS, DFID, UNDP, CARICOM

17. Further strategies against corruption
Procurement monitoring
Judicial reform
Legislation & enforcement
Internal regulations
Public enquiries / tribunals
Institutional change
Public education & participation
External oversight mechanisms

18. Choices in tackling corruption
Strategic
All-purpose anti-corruption agency
External oversight mechanisms
Public sector reform
Freedom of information
Universal transparency
Thinking the unthinkable

19. The Jamaican Experience
Since the establishment of the ACB as a unit dedicated to anti-corruption in the police force, over 150 officers have been removed.
The ACB’s success is strongly supported by the public and has largely assisted in improving Jamaica’s rating in the Corruption Perception Index 2010.

20. The Jamaican Experience
A three year Strategic Review
Systematic Approach
Annual audit of systems
Vetted and qualified staff
Open public communication (two ways)
International donors

21. JCF / ACB website Website established on International Corruption Day
Over 70,000 hits to date
Paradigm shift towards corruption

22. CONCLUSION MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SECURITY, JAMAICA
JAMAICA CONSTABULARY FORCE
JCF ANTI-CORRUPTION BRANCH
CARICOM COMMUNITY
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

23. CONCLUSION
It is best to have a single independent dedicated anti-corruption unit to seriously tackle corruption in the police force.
Public support is key
A strong national multi-disciplinary strategic approach
The best way to plan for an oversight body is to have a proper situation analysis using international standards and sharing national and regional best practices
Multi-faceted regional networking

24. CONCLUSION (Cont’d) Multi-faceted regional networking Academic Support
Best Practice sharing
Financing