1. Sacraments of Christ
Chapter 5

2. Sign, Symbol, Sacrament Why 7 Sacraments
Thomas Aquinas – like human development
Born-Baptism
Grow-Confirmation
Are fed – Eucharist
Healed- Penance
Recover or die- Anointing
Family – Matrimony
Need leaders – Holy Orders

3. Signs and Symbols

4. St. Paul – sacrament is a mystery – God’s hidden plan of wanting to save renew, unite in Christ
St. Augustine- sign & symbol – something concrete that points to something else
Flag, stop sign
Sign of sacred reality
Holy sign – symbol which believers perceive and receive an invisible grace (Baptism-rebirth)
Efficacious symbol – Thomas Aquinas – they ARE what they point to – Eucharist not only points to Christ – it IS Christ

5. Sacraments ARE what they symbolize
To be a sacrament, a sign or symbol must do the following:
Lead us to God
Come from God
Be an action of God
The best example
of a sacrament is
Jesus Christ himself.

6. Sacramental Nature of Christ and the Church
Signs
Not all signs are sacraments – must lead us to God but also must come from God
Jesus
original sign & prime sacrament
Not only a sign but is God - efficacious

7. The Primordial Sacrament
Jesus is the starting point of all sacraments.
Jesus is the perfect sign of God’s great love for us.
The fundamental nature of a sacrament is revealed in Jesus.

8. Jesus as Sacrament God in flesh
Really happened at definite time & location
Paschal Mystery
For all generations
Able to destroy death & bring about salvation
Present for every generation since
Made known to us in LITURGY – work of the people- work of the Trinity
Father- Creator
Son- redeemer
Holy Spirit- teacher & guide

9. Real Presence of Christ
Present in Priest
Commissioned- Holy Orders
Baptizes, hears confession, etc
Christ is the true minister
Priest- representative who stands in for others ex. babysitter, substitute teacher
Present when Scripture is read- word of God inspired by the Holy Spirit
Present in community pray and sing together
Present in Eucharist – transubstantiation – earthly liturgy is a foretaste of heavenly liturgy – saints and angels together

10. Church as Sacrament Sign of unity of God and each other
All races and cultures- catholic
No longer physically present – Church is Christ’s instrument
7 sacraments
Mystery
Eastern Churches – sacraments called mysteries
Visible sign of invisible grace
Not just a symbol like peace sign – efficacious symbol

11. 7 Sacraments instituted by Christ
First Christians baptized
Healed the sick
Breaking of the bread
1st 2 centuries – no one term to describe sacraments- just practiced what Christ had done
3 groups
Christian Initiation – Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist
Healing- Penance, Anointing of the Sick
Service- Holy Orders, Matrimony
Council of Florence (1439)

12. Council of Florence Proper matter – the prescribed materials.
Correct words or form – the prescribed words and gestures.
Designated minister – the prescribed minister.

13. Sacraments of Initiation
Baptism – brings new life in Christ.
Confirmation – strengthens our new life with the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
Eucharist – nourishes us with the Body and Blood of Christ.

14. Sacraments of Initiation
Introduction
The New Way
Thought at first to be an extension of Judaism
Then Gentiles- exceptions made
Catechumenate- 3 year process
Sponsored by baptized Christian
Studied, prayed, fasted
Initiation
Hearing and acceptance of Good News
Profession of faith
Easter Vigil- Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist

15. Children had been baptized from early times
Process changed
Original sin
High infant mortality
Children had been baptized from early times
Vatican II restored catechumenate

16. Four Steps of RCIA
Evangelization – a person hears the word of God and responds to it. It is followed by a rite of acceptance
Catechumenate – over the course of a year, catechumens study the faith in special parish classes, are mentored by a sponsor, do service, and participate in the Liturgy of the Word at Mass. On the first Sunday of Lent, candidates are enrolled in the Book of the Elect by the bishop.

17. Four Steps of RCIA
Purification and Enlightenment – During Lent, catechumens scrutinize their lives and do penance. They receive the Lord’s Prayer and the Creed on which to center their lives. At the end of this period they receive the three sacraments of initiation at the Easter Vigil Mass.
Mystagogia – The newly baptized neophytes continue to meet with one another after Easter until Pentecost, gradually taking their place in the Church.

18. Baptism Immersion or triple pouring of water
“I baptize you in the name of the…”
Priest, Bishop, Deacon- normal minister
Become part of Christ’s body – the Church
Anointed with sacred chrism – oil consecrated by the Bishop on Holy Thursday
2nd anointing – by Bishop at Confirmation
White garment- put on Christ; risen with Christ
Can be at Mass
Brought forth at Our Father – links to Eucharist
Adults at Easter Vigil

19. The Essential Rite of Baptism
Proper matter: Water
Correct words or form: Triple pouring of or immersion in water with the words, “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”
Designated minister: bishop, priest, or deacon

20. Effects of Baptism
Washes away original sin and any other sins and the punishment due.
Makes us children of God and temples of the Holy Spirit.
Welcomes us as members of the Church, the Body of Christ.
Marks us forever as sharers in the common priesthood of all believers, and in Christ’s mission of justice and peace.

21. Celebration of the Sacrament of Baptism
Lighted Candle
Anointing with Oil
White Garment

22. Confirmation Bishop lays hand on forehead Anoints with chrism
“Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit”
Since the time of the Apostles- laying on of hands
Gift of the Holy Spirit
Completes Baptism
Origin of Confirmation
In the early Church chrism was added
Eastern Churches-Chrismation- after Baptism

23. Originally all 3 at one time Time of Confirmation – adolescence ?
Candidate prepared
State of grace
Given only once – indelible character
Effects
Roots us more deeply in Christ’s love
Unites us with firmly with Christ and strengthens our bond with His Church
Increases gifts of the Holy Spirit
Usually administered at Mass – connect to the Eucharist
Renew Baptismal promises

24. Requirements for Reception of the Sacrament of Confirmation
Be prepared to profess the faith.
Be in the state of grace.
Intend to receive the sacrament.
Be prepared to witness to Jesus Christ.

25. The Essential Rite of Confirmation
Proper matter: Chrism
Correct words or form: Laying on of hands and anointing with chrism on the forehead with the words: "(Name), be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit."
Designated minister: Bishop

26. Holy Eucharist Vatican II – “source and summit of Christian life”
United with heavenly liturgy
Pius X – encouaged weekly reception – moved age from 12 to age of reason
Development
Began at Passover meal- Last Supper
1st century – gathered in homes – preaching, prayer, breaking of the bread

27. Development of the Eucharist
Christ instituted the Eucharist during a Passover meal held at the Last Supper as a memorial of his Death and Resurrection.
At the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563) the doctrine of transubstantiation was defined and the Roman Missal was published by Pope Pius V.

28. 4th century – preface and Sanctus added
155- outline
Liturgy of word
Sermon
Prayer of the faithful
Sign of peace
Communion offering
Consecration
Anointing – Amen
Many of the prayers we still use today
Apostolic Tradition (315) outlined prayers and order of worship – even closer to ours today
4th century – preface and Sanctus added
Charlemagne – tried to unify – prayers differed from region to region
Council of Trent ( ) – transubstantiation defined

29. 2 main parts – Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of the Eucharist
Pius V – established Roman Missal – used until Vatican II
Vatican II – emphasize Lord’s Supper
Community
Call to penance and forgiveness
Scripture proclaimed by people
Reception under both species
Command to go forth
Translation revised by Benedict XVI
2 main parts – Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of the Eucharist
Liturgy of the Word
Introductory rites- gather, sign of the cross, ask for forgiveness, Gloria, opening prayer

30. Liturgy of the Eucharist
Liturgy of the Word – readings
Liturgy of the Eucharist
Preparation of altar
Donation & gift
Eucharistic Prayer – several
Thanksgiving to Father
Holy Spirit called down on gifts
Words of consecration
Offering of sacrifice
Intercessions-Pope, clergy, living, dead
Amen – I agree
Our Father
Sign of peace
Lamb of God- need for God’s mercy
Breaking of bread and reception of Communion
Conclusion – blessing and go forth

31. Parts of the Eucharistic Liturgy
Introductory Rites
Sign of the Cross
Penitential Rite
Gloria
Opening Prayer
Liturgy of the Word
First Reading
Psalm Response
Second Reading
Gospel
Homily
Creed
General Intercessions
Liturgy of the Eucharist
Preparation of the Altar
Presentation of the Gifts
Eucharistic Prayer
Great Amen
Communion Rite
Our Father
Lamb of God
Reception of Holy Communion
Prayer after Communion
Concluding Rite

32. The Essential Rite of Eucharist
Proper matter: unleavened bread and wine
Correct words or form: Changing bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ by the words: "Take this, all of you, and eat it: this is my body which will be given up for you Take this, all of you, and drink from it: this is the cup of my blood of the new and everlasting covenant. It will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me.“
Designated minister: Bishop or priest

33. Sacraments of Healing
Anointing of the Sick
Penance / Reconciliation
Our new life in Christ can be weakened by suffering, illness, death, and the effects of sin.

34. Sacraments of Healing Introduction Jesus= physician- souls and bodies
Paralytic- healed & forgave sins

35. Penance – Reconciliation - Confession
Penance renews, restores, and strengthens our relationship with God and the community after it has been damaged by sin.
Penance shows that God’s love is without limits

36. Penance
Sacrament of renewed faith- renews, restores, strengthens relationship with God & community after damaged by sin
God’s love without limits- sign of love & personal forgiveness
Known as Penance, Reconciliation, Confession
Begins with Jesus- mission was to sinners
“Whatever you bind on earth ….”

37. Difference in practices – not essentials
3rd-5th centuries
Forgiveness of venial sin through Eucharist prayers & works of mercy
Mortal sin – long, difficult time of penance
Once in a lifetimes
Took place in public
Often put off till near death
6th century- private confession – counsel and offer forgiveness
Thomas Aquinas – 13th c
Contrition sorrow wipes out sin
Confession necessary for forgiveness of mortal sin – penance and absolution
Recent reforms – face to face

38. Essential Elements of Penance
The acts of the person who undergoes conversion
Contrition
Confession
Satisfaction
The intervention of the Church
Absolution from the priest
All Catholics are required to go to confession at least once per year to confess serious sins

39. God Alone Forgives Sin Christian life is marked by lifelong conversion
Even though forgiveness is expressed through the Church and this Sacrament, God alone forgives sin

40. Anointing of the Sick
The sacrament encourages those who are sick to overcome the alienation caused by illness
Jesus continues to bring healing through the prayers of the Church, and through the sacraments, especially the Eucharist and the Anointing of the Sick

41. Anointing of the sick Inevitable weakness and illness
Rooted in the letter of James
Middle Ages
Only to the dying- Extreme Unction
Penance and Viaticum (last communion)
Vatican II – for elderly, major surgery
Spiritual effects
Able to accept trials of illness
Forgiveness of sins
Grace
Contribute to the holiness of the Church
United to Passion of Christ

42. Celebration of the Sacrament
Possible restoration of health
Supernatural strength for dying
Minister- priest
Celebration of the Sacrament
Sometimes during Mass
Laying on of hands
Prayer for the person
Anoint forehead and hands with Chrism
Introductory rites and Scripture reading
Blessing with holy water
May hear confession

43. Essential Elements of Anointing of the Sick
The priest or bishop
lays his hands on the sick person
prays for the person in the faith of the Church
anoints the forehead and hands of the sick person with oil previously blessed by a bishop

44. Sacraments at the Service of Communion
These sacraments are directed toward the salvation of others, not toward those receiving the sacraments.
Matrimony
Holy Orders

45. Sacraments of Service Holy Orders All share in office of priest
Some with ministerial priesthood

46. Holy Orders The ministerial priesthood
Sacramental ordination consecrates certain baptized men to one of three degrees of a sacred order:
Episcopate – bishops
Presbyterate – priests
Diaconate – deacons

47. Not something anyone can choose No one has the right to be ordained
Tradition
Jesus was a male
Choose male apostles
Not something anyone can choose
No one has the right to be ordained
Celebration of the sacrament
Laying on of hands by the bishop
Prayer of consecration
Minister= bishop
Cannot be repeated

48. Matrimony
Marriage is a sacred covenant --that is an agreement between the husband and wife, and between the couple and God.

49. Matrimony Established by God Modeled after Christ & His Church
St. Augustine
Procreation of children
Chastity & fidelity of spouses
Indissoluble union
Must be given freely
Mutually confer on each other
Gift of unconditional love

50. Effects Celebration Grace to love one another Grace to remain faithful
Strengthen each other for eternal life
Blessed with children
Grace to raise children in the faith
Called “domestic Church”
Celebration
Sacred covenant
Liturgy of the Word – importance of marriage
Special nuptial blessing
Holy Communion

51. The Essential Rite of Matrimony
The essential element of Matrimony is the mutual consent to marry.
The words of consent must be freely given.
Catholics must marry in the presence of a priest or a deacon, and in the presence of two witnesses.
The spouses themselves are the ministers of the sacrament.

52. Matrimony
The family is called “the domestic Church.” The family is a living witness and testimony of eternal, unbreakable, and boundless love that the couple (and their children) give to one another and to the world.

53. The Seven Sacraments
The sacraments celebrate Jesus as the Way, the Truth, and the Life.
The sacraments are a way for us to live life to the fullest.
The sacraments are the way to allow Jesus to touch our lives.