1. Making Sedimentary Rocks Worksheet Pages 11-12

2. Procedure Follow the directions Place materials in order Color and label each layer/ Fossil *** Each group had a different procedure. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3. How do the layer thicknesses in your container relate to sedimentary rock layers in real life? They vary in thickness – Some layers are very thin and some are thicker

4. Why are the layers different thicknesses in real life? Erosion / weathering happen at different rates each year – More erosion = larger layer Events like volcano eruptions/dust storms don’t happen every year – Can create larger layers

5. How do the layer colors in your container relate to sedimentary rock colors in real life? Colors in real life are more earth tone – Brown, Beige, Tan, etc In real life the colors still vary

6. Why are the layers different colors in real life? Different types of rocks are eroded and deposited If an event occurs it would produce a different color than normal

7. What challenges did you have with this lab?

8. What challenges do you think you might have when you have to take each individual layer apart to create the fossil record?

9. Sedimentary Rock Worksheet Page 14

10. Picture 1 Which shell is the oldest? – C There are no shells in Layer 3, why might this be? – Nothing to preserve them – Migrated No dinosaur bone is found below Layer 2, this might mean: – They weren’t around that long ago / haven’t evolved yet – Conditions weren’t right to preserve them – They lived in a different area

11. Picture 2 If you also found a softdrink can in layer 3, what could you say about Layers 3,4, & 5 – Humans were around Are there likely to be dinosaur bones in any of these layers? Explain. – Wrong picture (see below) – No. Humans didn’t coexist with dinosaurs

12. Picture 3 List the layers in order from oldest to youngest – E/B – D -- A/C In diagram I, which layer is the same as Layer A? – C What can you say about the top layer in diagram I? – Formed after the fault happened – Humans were around

13. Relative vs. Absolute Time Page 15 - 16

14. Example Time Scale Relative Time ScaleAbsolute Time Scale I was born. August 21, 1985 I took my first steps. I took my first steps July 15, 1986 My little sister was born May 30, 1988 First high school RBI March 21, 2001 Graduated high school May 28, 2004 Graduated college May 31, 2008 Got my first job August 26, 2009 Today November 30, 2013

15. What events did you use in your scale?

16. Describe how we determine relative time Look at the rock layers to see what is before and after Create a basic timeline/scale

17. Describe how we determine absolute time Radioactive decay information Determine the number of elements / atoms in the sample and compare it to what we expect the element to do

18. Why are both relative time and absolute time used to reconstruct past timescales? Relative Dating – Pro Works for long time periods – Con Folding/ Faulting / Layers change Absolute Dating – Pro Very accurate/ Precise – Con Only works up until a certain time period

19. Radioactive Half-Life Pages 17-19

20. Data GenerationPennies 0100 152.36364 226.09091 312.5 46.090909 53.318182

21. Graph

22. What did the pennies represent? Parent Element

23. What did each trial represent? Half-Life

24. What pattern do you notice? Numbers go down by approximately half every time GenerationPennies 0100 152.36364 226.09091 312.5 46.090909 53.318182

25. How does your data compare to the class data? GenerationPennies 0100 152.36364 226.09091 312.5 46.090909 53.318182

26. Compare your graph with the “Half- Life of Carbon-14” graph on the right. What similarities do you see? Same basic shape Line has a downward slope

27. How can knowing an elements half-life help you determine the age of a fossil? We can compare the amount of an element in a fossil to the graph of expected change This gives us an approximate age based on half life

28. Why do you think we replaced the heads up pennies with paperclips? Why was there always 100? Matter isn’t created or destroyed – Atoms were changed but weren’t destroyed