1. Skull BY: DR.Yahya Alfarra

2. Skull Defenition:it is the skeleton of the head
* The skull is composed of several separate bones united at immobile joints called sutures (line of fusion) note??
* Mandible is united to skull by mobile T.M.J
Parts of the skull:
The skull is divided into 2 parts
1- cranium OR skull cap
2- Facial skeleton.

3. 1- The cranium(skull cap):
* The upper& post. Part which encloses the brain.
It consists of the following bones: Frontal,parietal(2),occipital,temporal(2),sphenoid&ethmoid.
2- Facial bones:
* it’s the ant. Part of skull which includes:
A- upper fixed part.
B- lower movable part(mandible)
* It consists of the following bones:
Zygoamtic bone,maxillae,nasal,lacrimal,vomer,palatine,inf. Conchae,mandible
Total : 22 bones

7. 1- from sup. Aspect(or norma verticalis)
For convinous of the description,the skull is described from various aspect:
1- from sup. Aspect(or norma verticalis)
2- from ant. Aspect(or norma frontalis)
3- from lat. Aspect(or norma lateralis)
4- from post. Aspect(or norma occipitalis)
5- from inf. Aspect(or norma basalis)

8. 1- from sup. Aspect(or norma verticalis)
Now we are going to describe sup. Aspect
of skull or norma verticalis:
This superior aspect shows :
1- frontal bone- anteriorly
2- occipital bone-posteriorly
parietal bone- inbetween(on the side)

11. Coronal suture

12. Lambdoidal suture

13. 2- Ant. Aspect of skull (norma frontalis)
The ant. Aspect shows:
- forehead
- orbital cavity
Nasal cavity seperated by nasal septum
Upper & lower jaw

14. Anatomical features: A- Forehead
superciliary arches which are more prominent in male than female.
nasofrontal suture
nasion
glabella
Note: in some cases the 2 halves of frontal bone persist in adult and called metapoic suture.

16. B- Orbital cavity
it’s pyramidal in shape having abase open into face & apex which it opens into cranial cavity.
The base of orbit have 4 margins
1- sup.
2- inf.
3-medial
4- lateral

17. sup. Orbital foramen which transmit supraorbital nerves&vesseles.
the supratrochlear notch which transmit supraorbital nerves&vesseles.
The inf. Orbital margin , it’s formed by maxilla medially& zygomatic bone laterally
infraorbital foramen which transmit infraorbital N.&V.
lacrimal fossa
Note: the cavity of orbit has a roof , floor ,medial wall & lateral wall.
Optic canal

18. Inf. Orbital fissure communicate orbit with both infratemporal fossa & pterygopalatine fossa , it transmits continuation max. N. which is called infratemporal N. & branch of maxillary A. which is called infratemporal A.

21. C- Nasal bone:
* 2 nasal bones seperated by nasal septum
*This is ant. Nasal spine
*This is canine eminence : projection produced by root of canine tooth
* Canine fossa :
* Incissive fossa :

23. D- Maxilla
*It’s enclose with maxillary air sinus to form upper jaw
*The process with carry teeth it called alv. Process
*The process which formed part of hard palate is called palatine process.
Zygoamtic bone:
It’s articulate with zygomatic process of temporal bone to form zygomatic arch which lies in lateral aspect of skull.