1. Bones of the Skull

2. Sutures immovable joints found only between bones of the skull
coronal - found between the frontal and the two parietal bones
sagittal - between the two parietal bones
lambdoid - between the parietal and occipital bones
squamous - between the parietal and the temporal bones

3. Fontanels (little fountain)
infancy
membrane filled spaces
found between cranial bones at birth
eventually replaced by bone (about age 2)
Functions:
- enable the fetal skull to modify shape during birth process
- permit rapid growth of brain during

4. Neurocranium (cranial bones)
frontal
parietal
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
occipital

5. Frontal unpaired (single bone)
forms anterior part of the cranium (forehead)
roof of the orbits
most of anterior part of cranial floor
smooth portion between orbits
- glabella
each bony ridge perforated by
- supraorbital foramen
contains frontal sinuses

6. Frontal
supraorbital
foramen
glabella

7. Parietal paired, posterior to frontal bone
forms sides and roof of cranium
bones meet at midline to form
- sagittal suture
posteriorly, bones merge with occipital bone to form
- lambdoid suture
lateral sides of skill merge with temporal bone to form
- squamous suture

8. Parietal
sagittal suture
lambdoid
suture

9. Temporal paired forms sides and base of skull has pit or depression
- mandibular or glenoid fossa
(site of articulation with mandible)
sharp projections on underside
- styloid process

10. Temporal (cont.) rounded projection at back: - mastoid process
has canal on lateral sides
- external auditory meatus
suture that connects occipital with parietal
- lambdoid suture

11. Temporal (cont.) zygomatic process projecting from inferior
- articulates with temporal process of
zygomatic bone
zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone make up zygomatic arch

12. Temporal glenoid lamboid fossa suture external zygomatic auditory
meatus
zygomatic
process
styloid
process
mastoid
process

13. Sphenoid single bone wedge or butterfly shaped
situated on cranial floor
central depression called sella turcica
- surrounds pituitary gland
articulates with cranial bones

14. Sphenoid

15. Ethmoid single anterior part of cranial floor between orbits
anterior to sphenoid
posterior to nasal bones
primary supporting bone of nasal cavity

16. Ethmoid

17. Occipital single posterior and base of cranium (base and back)
has large opening called foramen magnun (through which spinal cord passes)
occipital protuberance is midway between top and foramen magnum
occipital condyles articulate with atlas

18. Occipital

19. Viscerocranium (facial bones)
nasal
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
lacrimal
maxilla
palatine
zygomatic
mandible

20. Nasal paired oblong bones side by side in midline forms bridge of nose
major portion of the nose consists of cartilage

21. Vomer single, triangular in lower back of nasal cavity
forms portion of septum
partition of two nasal chambers

22. Inferior Nasal Conchae (KONG-ke)
paired thin, spongy
looks rolled or coiled
lateral wall of each nostril
function to increase interior surface area of the nose
also called turbinate bones

23. Lacrimal (lacrima = tear)
paired thin bones in anterior wall of orbit
inner angle of eye
directly behind frontal process of maxilla
lacrimal duct passes through
smallest of facial bones

24. lacrimal
nasal
conchae
vomer

25. Maxillae paired bones join at midline to form upper jaw
articulates with all bones of face except mandible
form part of floor of orbits
form lateral walls and floor of nasal cavity
contain inferior orbital foramen
contain maxillary sinus which empty into nasal cavity

26. Maxillae (cont.) forms most of hard palate contains alveolar process
- arch that contain alveoli (sockets) for maxillary (upper) teeth
contains palatine process
- horizontal projection on maxilla anterior 3/4 of hard palate
maxillary bones unite before birth

27. Cleft Palate Cleft Lip failure of palatine processes to unite
at about weeks of embryonic development
repair - between age one and age 2
Cleft Lip
split in the upper lip
repair - first year of life

28. Palatine Bones paired L-shaped form posterior portion of hard palate
part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
small portion of floors of the orbits

29. Palatine Bone

30. Zygomatic paired form prominences of the cheeks
part of lateral wall and floor of each orbit
also known as malars
temporal process of zygomatic bone projects posteriorly and articulates with zygomatic process of temporal bone
- together form zygomatic arch

31. Mandible (mandere = to chew)
single bone, lower jaw
largest, strongest facial bone
only movable bone of skull (except ear ossicles)
contains alveolar process
- arch that contain alveoli (sockets) for mandibular (lower) teeth

32. Mandible (cont.) body; curved horizontal portion
two perpendicular portions: (rami)
condyloid process articulates with temporal bone
coronoid process attaches to temporalis muscle
mandibular angles
mental and mandibular foramen

33. zygomatic
maxilla
mandible

34. Hyoid Bone (hyoedes = U-shaped)
single bone
does not articulate with any other bone
suspended from styloid process by ligaments and tendons
located in neck between mandible and larynx
supports tongue; attachment for muscles of neck and pharynx
consists of body and projections
often fractured during strangulation