1. Bones and cavities of the facial cranium

2. TMJ

3. Anterior Skull frontal bone glabella supraorbital foramen
infraorbital foramen
zygomatic bone
mandibular symphysis
maxillary bone
alveolar fossa
mental foramen
mandible

4. Anterior Skull nasal bone perpendicular plate superior orbital fissure
middle nasal
concha
inferior nasal
concha bone
vomer bone

5. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus ethmoid sinus maxilary sinus
sphenoid sinus

6. Cranium frontal bone coronal suture parietal bone sagittal suture
lambdoidal
suture
occipital bone

7. Ventral Skull palatine process sphenoid bone palatine bone vomer bone
styloid process
temporal bone
mastoid process
external occipital
protuberance
occipital bone

8. Occipital bone carotid canal jugular foramen occipital condyle
foramen magnum
Occipital bone

9. Lateral Skull squamosal suture lacrimal bone temporal bone
external acoustic
meatus
mandibular condyle
In mandibular fossa
(TMJ joint)
Lateral Skull

10. Lateral Skull zygomatic arch sphenoid bone coronoid process
sutural bone
mastoid process
styloid process
ramus
angle
body
mandible
Lateral Skull

11. intenal acoustic meatus
cribriborm plate
crista galli
lesser wing
greater wing
optic canal
sella turcica
intenal acoustic meatus
jugular foramen
Internal Skull

12. Hyoid +
external
acoustic
meatus
temmporal
mandibular
joint
Hyoid bone

17. ________
________
Sagittal
________

18. Coronal
Lambdoid
Squamous

19. Overview of Skull Geography
Facial bones form the anterior aspect
The cranial bones enclose the brain

20. Vault
The cranial vault or calvaria forms the superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of skull
The cranial base forming the inferior aspect of skull

21. Cranial Base Cranial base forms the skull’s inferior aspect
Three prominent ridges divide the base into fossae
The brain rests on these cranial fossae completely enclosed by the cranial vault
The brain occupies the cranial cavity

22. Cranium
The 8 cranial bones include; 2 parietal, 2 temporal frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
Cranium is self- bracing allowing the bones to be thin, yet strong

23. Occipital bone Forms most of the posterior wall and base of skull
Articulates with parietal & temporal
Joins w/ sphenoid in the cranial floor
Forms internal walls of posterior cranial fossa

24. Occipital bone - Int. landmarks
Hypoglossal canal, Posterior cranial fossa

25. Temporal Bone Forms the infero-lateral aspects of the skull
Parts of the cranial floor
Divided into four regions; squamous tympanic, mastoid, and petrous-(int)

26. Temporal Bone
The internal petrous region contributes to the cranial base
The petrous region and the sphenoid bone form the middle cranial fossa

27. Temporal Bone - landmarks
Zygomatic process
Meets the zygomatic bone
Forms the cheek
Mandibular fossa
Receives condyle of mandible

28. Temporal bones - landmarks
Stylomastoid foramen
exit for facial nerve
Carotid canal
entrance for the carotid artery which supplies blood to cerebral hemispheres

29. Sphenoid bone Bone spanning the width of middle cranial fossa
Articulates as central wedge of all cranial bones
Consists of central body and three processes; greater and lesser wings and pterygoid process (pos. view)

30. Sphenoid - landmarks Sella turcica (enclosure for pituitary gland)
Optic foramina (passage of optic nerves)
Superior orbital fissure (Nerves III, IV, V enter orbit)
Foramen rotundum & ovale (Cranial Nerve V to face)
Foramen spinosum (Middle meningeal artery)

31. Ethmoid bone
Forms most of the area between the nasal cavity & orbits of eyes
Lies between nasal bones & sphenoid
Complex shape gives rise to nasal septum, sinuses and cribiform plate

32. Ethmoid bone - landmarks
Cribiform plates
Forms roof of nasal cavity
Olfactory formina
Olfactory nerves enter brain
Crista galli
Attachment of the dura mater which secures brain in cavity

33. Facial bones Consists of 14 bones w/ only mandible and vomer unpaired
Others include maxillae, lacrimals, nasals, zygomatics, inferior nasal conchae, and palatines (not pictured)

34. Mandible Forms the lower jaw Largest, strongest bone of the face
It has a body and two upwardly projecting sections called rami
Houses lower dentition

35. Mandible - landmarks Mandibular angle Mandibular notch
Coronoid process
Mandibular condyle
Alveolar margin
Mandible formina
Mental formina
Ramus of mandible

36. Maxillary bone Forms upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton
Fused medially
Articulates with all facial bones except mandible
Upper dentition
Forms 2/3 of hard palate of the mouth
Zygomatic
process
Maxillary
bone

37. Maxillary bones - landmarks
Alveolar margin
Upper dentition
Frontal process
Forms lateral aspects of nose
Zygomatic process
Articulates with zygomatic bone
Maxillary sinuses
(Fig. 7.11)

38. Palatine bones
The horizontal plates forms the posterior portion of hard palate
Vertical plate forms part of the posterolateral wall of nasal cavity and a small portion of orbit

39. Palatine bones - landmarks
Horizontal plate
Posterior section of hard palate
Vertical plate
Part of the posteriolateral walls of nasal cavity
Orbital surface
Part of inferior medial aspect of orbit

40. Vomer
Forms part of the nasal septum
Discussed with the nasal cavity

41. Vomer - landmarks Plow shape
Divides nasal septum into right and left parts

42. Inferior Nasal Conchae - Landmark
The Inferior nasal conchae is just one of three in the nasal cavity
Superior and middle concha are on the Ethmoid bone

43. The Orbits

44. Paranasal sinuses
Note positioning around nasal cavity

45. Paranasal sinuses Sphenoid sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus
Maxillary sinuses

46. Hyoid bone
Body
Neck muscle attachment
Greater horn
Lesser horn

47. TMJ

48. TMJ Capsule

49. TMJ Capsule

50. TMJ Motions

51. TMJ Motions

52. The Skull: Fractures Egg Shell Fracture of the Parietal bones.
Results from a fall or blunt force to the head

53. The Skull: Fractures
Another example of an egg shell fracture.

54. Knife in Skull Above Orbit AP Projection