1. External Features, Bones & Internal Organs Competency: 9.00 Summarize the major parts of small animals

2. Objective 9.01 Describe the major external parts of small animals

3. Basic Anatomy Terminology 1.Cheek- fleshy side of the face 2.Dewlap- loose skin under the chin 3.Elbow- upper joint of the front leg 4.Flank- fleshy part of the side 5.Foot pad- part that the animal walks on 6.Forearm- front limb just below the elbow 7.Guard hair- longer coarse hair above the shorter under fur (protection)

4. Basic Anatomy Terminology 8.Hock- tarsal joint halfway up the hind limb 9.Lion- fleshy part of the side under the spinal column 10.Muzzle- projecting jaw (nose and mouth) 11.Nose pad Tip of the nose Used for investigating food and unfamiliar objects Called the nose leather in cats

5. Basic Anatomy Terminology 12.Rump- upper rounded part of the hindquarter 13.Shoulder- above the elbow of the fore leg 14.Stifle- joint above the hock 15.Thigh- area between the rump and hock 16.Whiskers- long hairs growing near the mouth

6. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Birds 1.Crown top of the head 2.Ear covert feathers covering the ears 3.Mandible upper or lower segment of the bill 4.Nape back of the neck 5.Orbital ring ring around the eye

7. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles 1.Brille transparent layer covering eyes Eyelid for snakes 2.Fins Web of skin supported with bone or cartilage rods Enables fish to move through water

8. Basic Anatomy Terminology- Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles 3.Gills – Major organ of the respiratory system – Breath without lungs 4.Scales – Modified portion of the epidermal layer – Provides protection 5.Scutes – Epidermal scales found on turtles

9. Objective 9.02 Define major skeletal parts of small animals

10. Skeletal System Axial skeleton – vertebral column – Ribs – Sternum – skull

11. Dog Skeleton http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/000f09ca.gif

12. Dog Skeleton http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/tcolvill/135/images/S23.GIF

13. Skeletal System Pectoral limb – front limbs shoulders, legs and feet scapula (shoulder blade) humerus (arm) radius and ulna (forearm) carpals, metacarpals and phalanges (toes)

14. http://www.uoguelph.ca/~mammals/CatSkeleton.jpg

15. http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zoo.225/Catskeleton.jpeg

16. Skeletal System Pelvic limb – rear legs and pelvic bones hooks pin bones femur (upper leg bone) tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) Tarsals (hocks) Metatarsals (feet) Phalanges (toes)

17. Rabbit Skeleton http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/foods/458-878/rabbit.gif

18. Rabbit Skeleton http://www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/anatomy/lab%20animal/rabbit_skeleton.jpg

19. Skeletal System-Birds Have some unique bones unlike mammals – Most have a skull bone that elongates toward the front of the head – Some have a skull with an upper beak fused to it while other birds have hinges on both upper and lower mandibles giving it more flexibility

20. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/birds/printouts/Skeleton.shtml

21. Objective 9.03 Discuss the role of internal organs in small animals

22. Major organs and systems Heart – major organ in the circulatory system – 3 muscle layers

23. Circulatory System Myocardium – second layer muscle that makes up the thickness of the heart Endocardium – thin layer inside myocardium Epicardium – thin cover over the myocardium Other parts of the circulatory system are the arteries, capillaries, veins and blood

24. Layers of the Heart

25. Heart

26. Circulatory System Other parts of the circulatory system are – Arteries – Capillaries – Veins – Blood

27. Circulatory System- Functions Transports – nutrients – metabolic waste – oxygen Protects against microbes and injury

28. Kidneys and Bladder Part of the excretory system – rids the body of waste – maintain chemical composition – volume of blood – regulates tissue fluid

29. Stomach and Intestines Major part of digestive system – breaks food down into smaller pieces to be used by the body Nutrients are gleaned from these food materials

30. Lungs Part of the respiratory system – oxygen is taken in by the nose, passed on to the lungs and then goes into the blood

31. Nervous System Brains, spinal cord, and nerves – Coordinator of all body activities – Regulates other systems – Controls memory and learning

32. Reproductive system Ovaries and testes – Egg – Sperm Help produce new individuals of the same species

33. Muscular System Muscles – Movement – Posture – Support – Produces heat