1. Structure of the Skeletal System.P1

2. Structure of the Skeleton
We know that the 206 bones of the skeleton are split into two different groups…
The Axial Skeleton – 80 bones
The Appendicular skeleton – 126 bones

3. The central core of the body or its AXIS.
Consists of:
Skull
The vertebrae
The sternum
The ribs
The central core of the body or its AXIS.
It provides the core from which the limbs hang from.
Axial Skeleton

4. Appendicular Skeleton
The parts/ limbs hanging off of the AXIAL skeleton.
Shoulder Girdle (scapula/ clavicle)
Pelvic Girdle
Upper and Lower limbs

5. Task…
List the below Bone names into the relevant column in the table below…
Location of major bones:
Cranium
Clavicle
Ribs
Sternum
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Scapula
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Carpals & Metacarpals & Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals & Metatarsals
Vertebral column – (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Answers!!

6. Task:
Match the EVERY DAY name for each bone, with its correct ANATOMICAL name.

7. Task!! You will then mark each others work…
In pairs: 1 person labels the other as a ‘human skeleton’. Making labels for ALL of the various bones that we have learned thus far.
You also need to be to know ‘both’ names for each bone.
You will then mark each others work…
Task!!

8. Major bones of the body explained…
Cranium
Consists of 8 bones fused together to PROTECT your brain.
14 other facial bones that form the face and jaw…

9. Sternum
PROTECTS the heart and acts as an ATTACHMENT point for the ribs and clavicle
Flat bone in the middle of your chest shaped like a dagger.

10. Ribs True Ribs Floating Ribs
Adults have 12 pairs of ribs, that run between sternum and thoracic vertebrae.
True Ribs
False Ribs
Ribs are flat bones that form a PROTECTIVE cage around the HEART and LUNGS.
Floating Ribs

11. Situated on the upper back of the body
One end is connected to the sternum and the other to the scapula
Clavicle
Situated on the upper back of the body
The role of the Clavicle is to keep the scapula the correct distance from the sternum
Provides a point of attachment for many muscles of upper arm and back.
Scapula

12. ARM In order for the hand to move, the Radius moves across the ulna…
The Humerus, Radius and Ulna all form the ELBOW joint.
In order for the hand to move, the Radius moves across the ulna…
Ulna
Radius
Humerus

13. Hand Phalanges- 14 bones Meta-Carpels Carpels- 8 bones
Consists of 3 area, made up of different kind of bone.
Meta-Carpels
Carpels- 8 bones

14. Pelvis Consists of 3 bones fused together- ILLIUM, PUBIS and ISCHIUM
Function: to PROTECT the lower internal organs… such as the bladder, reproductive organs and when pregnant the developing foetus!

15. LEG Consists of 4 bones: FEMUR, FIBULA, TIBIA and PATELLA
Femur: Longest bone in the body and forms the knee joint with the TIBIA
Patella: Bone that floats over the knee and lie within the patella tendon and SMOOTHES the movement of the tendons over the knee.
Tibia: The weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Fibula: The non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg and helps form the ankle.

16. Foot Consists of 3 areas: Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges
Tarsals- 7 bones
-5 Bones
3 Phalanges in each toe… apart from the big toe that has 2

17. Vertebrae
7 Cervical vertebrae make up the neck and runs to the shoulders
12 Thoracic vertebrae make up the chest area
5 Lumbar vertebrae make up the lower back
5 vertebrae which are fixed together make the Sacrum.
Coccyx is 4 bones fused together, remnants from when we had a tail!

18. Types of Bone Long Bone Flat Bones Short Bone Femur Humerus Tibia
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Flat bones are strong, flat plates of bone with the main function of providing protection to the bodies vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment.
Function of Protection and Stability, with little movement
Short Bone
Having a body longer than it is wide and having growth plates at either end (epiphysis)
They are approximately wide as they are long
Scapula (shoulder blade). The Sternum (breast bone), Cranium (skull), Pelvis and Ribs are also classified as flat bones

19. Irregular Bones Sesamoid Bones
These are bones that do not fit into any other category due to their unusual shape.
The most obvious example: The Patella (knee cap) which sits within the Patella or Quadriceps tendon.
Good examples being the Vertebrae, Sacrum and Mandible (lower jaw).
Sesamoid Bones
Sesamoid bones are usually short or irregular bones, imbedded in a tendon.
Sesamoid bones are usually present in a tendon where it passes over a joint, acting as protection to the tendon.

20. Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid bones
Types of bone:
Long bones, Short bones,
Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid bones
1) Learners must describe the axial and appendicular skeleton.
2) The different types of bone in each of the skeletons and be able to locate all of the named bones stated in the Unit content (List).
3) They must also describe the function of the skeletal system.
Location of major bones:
Cranium
Clavicle
Ribs
Sternum
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Scapula
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Carpals & Metacarpals & Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals & Metatarsals
Vertebral column – (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
Functions:
Support
Protection
Attachment for skeletal muscle
Source of blood cell production
Store of minerals