2. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial Education1 Cosmetology Cells, Anatomy, & Physiology: The Skeletal System

3. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System2 Performance Objective Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to identify bones of the skeletal system to the satisfaction of the instructor.

4. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System3 Specific Objectives Specific Objectives: Define the terms associated with the skeletal system. Describe the terms associated with the skeletal system. Identify the bones of the skeletal system. Describe composition of the bones. Explain the composition of the skull. Identify the bones of the skull. Identify the bones of the facial skeleton. Identify the bones of the neck. Identify the bones of the back, chest, and shoulder. Identify the bones of the arm, wrist, and hand.

5. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System4 Describe the Skeletal System It gives the body its shape and strength, protects the internal organs, provides a frame for the muscles, and allows body movement. The skeletal system is the physical foundation of the body. The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones. These 206 bones vary in size and shape and are connected by a moveable and immovable joint.

6. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System5 Terms Associated with the Skeletal System Osteology: is the study of the bones. Os: is the technical term for bone.

7. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System6 Description and Composition of the Bones Long bones are found in the arm and legs. Flat bones are found in the skull. Irregular bones are found in the wrist, ankle, or back. The bone is the hardest structure of the body. The bones are composed of 2/3 minerals and 1/3 organic matter

8. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System7 Composition and Bones of the Skull It is the skeleton of the head. It encloses and protects the brain and sensory organs. Consist of eight bones: Frontal (1): extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head and forms the forehead. Parietal (2): two bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head. Occipital (1): bone that forms the back of the skull, indenting above the nape area.

9. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System8 Composition and Bones of the Skull Temporal (2): two bones located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones. Key Point: Throughout your training as a cosmetologist, the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal bones will be used to give instructions for styling and cutting techniques Sphenoid (1): located between the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium. Ethmoid (1): spongy bone located between the eye that forms part of the nasal cavity.

10. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System9 Bones of the Facial Skeleton Consist of fourteen bones and nine are involved in facial massages. Mandible (1): lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton. Maxillae (2): two bones of the upper jaw. Nasal (2): two bones of the upper jaw. Zygomatic (2): also know as the malar; are the two bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket.

11. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System10 Bones of the Facial Skeleton Lacrimal (2): the smallest two bones of the facial skeleton and form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket. Turbinal (2): two spongy bones that form the sides of the nasal cavity. Vomer (1): also know as the nasal system, is the bone in the center of the nose that divides the nasal cavity. Palatine (2): the two bones that form the roof of the mouth and the floor of the eye sockets.

12. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System11 Bones of the Neck Cervical Vertebrae: consist of seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column and are often manipulated in extended scalp massage. Hyoid: is a u-shaped bone located in the throat; and is also known as the Adam’s Apple.

13. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System12 Bones of the Chest, Back, and Shoulders Thorax: also known as the chest; is the bony cage composed of the spine, or thoracic vertebrae, and the sternum and twelve ribs. It holds and protects the heart, lungs, and other internal organs. Clavicle: also known as the collarbone; forms the area from the throat to the shoulder. Scapula: a large flat bone extending form the middle of the back upward to the joint Identify the bone of the back, chest, and shoulder bones.

14. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System13 Bones of the Arms, Hands, and Wrist Humerus: the largest bones of the upper arm, extends from the elbow to the shoulder. Radius: small bone on the thumb side of the lower arm of forearm. Ulna: located on the little finger side of the lower arm. Carpals: eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus. Metacarpals: five long and thin bones that form the palm of the hand. Phalanges: fourteen bones that form the digits or fingers; each finger has three phalanges and the thumb has only two.

15. ©2003 Texas Trade and Industrial EducationCosmetologyI: The Skeletal System14 Summary Throughout your training as a cosmetologist, bones will be used to give instructions for different styling and massage techniques. Knowledge of the bones will not only benefit you in your training, but also in your client contact.