1. The Nervous System

2.  The central nervous system (CNS ) Brain cranial nerves spinal cord  The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Sensory (afferent) neurons Motor (efferent) neurons

3. skull

6. Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

18. The BBB is anatomical and physiological “barrier” between brain and circulation.  Molecular size  Lipid solubility  Molecular charge  Concentration differences  Specialized transport mechanism

20. Aluminum Neuropathy: degenerative changes in cortex Arsenic Neuropathy : axonal degeneration in PNS Methanol Neuropathy : degeneration in ganglion cells Methylmercury Neuropathy : neural degeneration Acrylamide Axonopathy : axonal degeneration Lead Neuropathy : brain swelling, axonal loss CarbontetrachlorideNeuropathy

21.  Motor neurons: Muscle dysfunction, paralysis  Interneurons: Memmory, learning coordination  Sensory neurons: Dysfunction in vision,hearing, and senses,temperature,pressure,touch,taste,smell and pain.

22.  Block the release of neurotransmitter (Botulinum).  Produce uncontrolled release of neurotransmittor.  Block impulse conduction along axons (anesthesia).  Activate synaptic function (nicotine).  Block synaptic function by interfering with normal calcium channel (lead, cobalt).  Block reuptake or breakdown of neurotrasmittor resulting in receptor overstimulation (cocaine).