1. Hand and Power Tools unit 11
Amber Henderson

2. Objectives
1.) Identify the key terms for the unit. 2.) Identify common hand and power tools used in agricultural mechanics. 3.) Select hand tools needed for a particular job. 4.) Determine the cost of acquiring each tool.

3. terms
Blade Balance- a device used to balance a lawn mower blade to prevent excess vibration during operation.
Board Foot- Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round blade.
Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round blade.
Common Nail- A kind of nail with a flat head that is used in general construction.
Concave Bevel- a bevel, which is hollowed or curved inward.
Convex Bevel- A bevel which is raised or curved outward
Crosscut- to cut across the grain of wood
Crosscut Hand Saw- A saw with small teeth (more teeth per inch) for cutting across the grain of wood.
Dado- A square or rectangular groove in the face of the board

4. Terms
Double Inclined Plane- A plane made by two bevels creating a point similar to that of an axe
Finishing Nail- A slender nail with a small head used for interior trim work
High Speed Drill- Twist drill made tempered specially to drill holes in steel
Hollow Ground- A single inclined plane which is concave ground
Hone- the process of finely sharpening a cutting edge with a bench stone or hand stone
Kerf- Opening in board made by the cutting of a saw blade; also referred to as saw kerf
Kickback- A safety hazard that results when a saw blade binds in the material being cut resulting in uncontrollable throwing of the material or saw
Rabbet- A cut or groove at the end of a board made to receive another board and form a joint

5. Terms Rip- To cut along the grain of wood
Rip Hand Saw- A saw with larger teeth (fewer teeth per inch) for cutting with the grain of wood
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)- the number of times a rotating shaft or blade turns or rotates in sixty (60) seconds
Single Incline Plane- A type of bevel with one edge; used on wood chisels and plane irons
Twist Drill- Common drill bit used for making round holes in wood and metal

6. Hammers ($5-$60) Carpenter Hammer Used to drive or pull nails
Can have either a curved or straight claw

7. hammers Machinist Hammer Used to work with metal or around machinery
Distiguished by a variable- shaped peen
Ball peen hammers are made in different weights usually 4,6,8, and 12 ounces and 1, 1 ½, and 2 pounds.

8. Wrenches ($20-$300) Open-end
Solid, adjustable wrench with openings in one or both ends
Usually come in sets ranging for 5/16’’ to 1 inch.
Handles are usually straight but may be curved.

9. wrenches Box Wrench Less likely to slip off the work.
Most likely to have 12 points
6-8 points used for heavy
12 points used for medium
16 points used for light duty
Disadvantage of this wrench is loss of time

10. Wrench
Combination Wrench
Has both an open- end and a box end.

11. wrench Adjustable open-end wrench
An open- end wrench with an adjustable opening.
Can fit variety of different sized nuts and bolts

12. wrench
Pipe Wrench
An adjustable wrench with curved jaws used to grip pipe or round stock.
Come in variety of different sizes.

13. wrench
Socket Wrench
Cylindrical wrench attached to a breaker bar, ratchet, or air wrench.
Offers secure fast and speedy operation.
Sized by the millimeter or by inches and fractions of an inch
Sets come in different sizes based on the size of the driver.
Common sizes: ¼”, ½”, ¾”, and 1”.

14. Screwdriver ($5- $20) Philips Screwdriver
Named after Henry F. Phillips
Used with the most popular screw, which is referred to as a Philips screw.

15. Ratchet off-set screwdriver
Manual screwdriver that has a ratcheting action.

16. screwdriver Standard screwdriver Also known as a “flat head”
Has a single blade

17. Rulers/ tapes ($10-$30) Measure in Inches or Centimeters
Used for wood work or metal work

18. Squares ($10-$30) Carpenter’s Square
Usually 12 in X 8 in, 24 in X 16 in, or 24 inX 18 in.
Flat sides of the blade and the tonged are graduated in inches and fractions of an inch
Used for laying out and squaring up large patterns

19. Squares
Try Square
Consists of two parts at the right angles to each other

20. square Sliding T Bevel Adjustable with a slotted beveled blade
Primary use is laying out angles other than right angles

21. square Combination Square
Is equipped with moveable heads called square head, protractor head, and center head.

22. Hand saw ($10-$20) Cross cut Back saw Key hold saw
This saw has a steel blade with a handle at one end
The blade is narrower at the end opposite the handle
The major difference between ripsaw and crosscut is the shape of the teeth.
Back saw
Is a crosscut saw designed for sawing a perfectly straight line
Key hold saw
Has a long narrow, tapering ripsaw, used to cut from the bored hold

23. Chisels ($10-$20) Cold chisels
Tools that can be used for chipping or cutting metal or wood
They only cut metal that is softer than the metal they are made of
Classified according to the shape of their heads and the width of the cutting edge
Match hammer to the chisel

24. chisels
Wood Chisels
Used with wood working jobs

25. Files ($5- $20)
Files are graded according to their degree of fineness and whether they have single or double- cut teeth.
Files remove small amount of metal, plastic, or wood.
Used for tooth sharpening
Files come in different shapes

26. Pliers ($14-$30) Made in many styles and sizes
Used for cutting purposes as well as holding and gripping small articles.
Major types:
Slip- joint
Vice grip
Water pump
Slide cutter
Diagonal pliers
Needle- nose pliers

27. Hand drill ($100-$500)
The hand drill is used to drill holes into different material.
Made in various sizes and vary in power from light to heavy and in speeds from slow to fast.

28. Belt sander ($50-$200)
Used to sand down wood and other material for finishing purposes.

29. Grinder ($30-$150)
Used for cutting, grinding, and polishing
Used for removal of excess material from a job or cutting into.

30. Portable Circular Saw ($200- $400)
Can be used for crosscutting, ripping, mitering, beveling, chamfering, rabbeting, cove cutting, tapering, shaping, and molding cutting.
Used in situations where the work cannot be moved to the shop or in a shop where table saws are not available.
Circular saws come in a variety of blade sizes ranging from 6 1/4” to 8 ½”.

31. Jig Saw ($30-$200)
A tool used for cutting arbitrary curves into wood, metal, or other material.
Used for artistic fashion than other saws.

32. Chop Saw ($200- $900)
Used to cut hard materials, such as metals
Typically 14 inch in diameter and 7/64 inch thick.

33. Drill Press ($40-$400)
Is a fixed drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor.
Can be used for drilling holes, sanding, honing, and polishing

34. Table Saw ($200-$700)
Woodworking tool consisting of a circular saw blade.
The higher the blade protrudes above the table the deeper the cut that is made into the wood.

35. Radial Arm Saw ($200- $600)
Cutting machine consisting of a circular saw mounted on a sliding horizontal arm
Used for making length cuts and can be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet, and half lap joints

36. Compound Miter ($200-$600)
Has a rotating vertical pivot allowing the cutter head and blade to be tilted sideways in addition to the horizontal rotation table.
It allows vertical and horizontal angled cuts as well as cuts angled in both planes.

37. Band Saw ($120- $500)
Blade consists of continuous band of metal with teeth along one edge to cut various workspaces.
Used for woodworking, metalworking, or for cutting variety of other materials.
Useful for cutting irregular or curved shapes but also cut straight cuts as well.

38. Oxy- Acetylene ($200- $5000)
Used for both welding and cutting metal.
Has two cylinders- Oxygen and Acetylene

39. MIG Welder ($200- $5000)
1. The wire acts as an electrode and is also the source of the filler metal 2. Combines an inert gas shielding with a continuously fed consumable wire electrode. 3. Fast, portable, vertical process

40. Arc Welder ($200- $5000) Used to join pieces of metal together
The arc is formed between the actual work and an electrode (stick or wire) that is manually or mechanically guided along the joint.

41. Plasma Cutter ($1000)
1.Used to cut steel and other metals of different thickness. 2. Uses a plasma torch 3. An inert gas is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; an electrical arc is formed through the gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut turning some of the gas to plasma.