1. Chapter 2 Federal and State Agencies: Protecting Our Borders

2. Introduction
Police agencies have been greatly altered by the events of 9/11
Federal agencies have undergone considerable change in both structure and function
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

3. Agencies Within the DHS
The Directorate for National Protection and Programs
The Science and Technology Directorate
The Office of Health Affairs
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Directorate
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
The Office of Intelligence and Analysis
The Office of Operations Coordination
The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
Citizenship and Immigration Services
The Coast Guard
The Secret Service
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

4. Department of Justice Headed by the attorney general
Official legal arm of the U.S. government
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

5. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Created in 1908, first known as Bureau of Investigation
J. Edgar Hoover focused on transforming the FBI into a professional organization
Today, the FBI has 56 field offices, approximately 400 resident agencies, more than 50 foreign liaison posts
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

6. Priorities of the FBI Three top priority areas Other priorities
Counterterrorism
Counterintelligence
Cybercrime
Other priorities
Public corruption
Civil rights violations
Organized crime
White-collar crime
Major thefts/violent crimes
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

7. FBI Ancillary Services
FBI crime laboratory
National Academy
“Ten Most Wanted Fugitives” list
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

8. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
Began in 1869 as unit within IRS
Administers the U.S. Criminal Code provisions concerning alcohol and tobacco smuggling and diversion
Enforces all federal laws relating to firearms, explosives, and arson
Bomb and Arson Tracking System
National Response Teams
International Response Team
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

9. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Began with the passage of the 1914 Harrison Act
Today the DEA has primary responsibility for drug and narcotics enforcement, sharing jurisdiction with the FBI
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

10. DEA Responsibilities
The investigation and preparation for the prosecution of suspects connected with illicit drugs seized at U.S. ports of entry and international borders
Conduct of all relations with drug-enforcement officials of foreign governments
Full coordination and cooperation with state and local police officials on joint drug-enforcement efforts
Regulation of the legal manufacture of drugs and other controlled substances
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

11. U. S. Marshals Service (USMS)
Established under the Judiciary Act of 1789
94 U.S. Marshals – 1 per federal court district
Responsibilities include
Pursue and arrest DEA fugitives
Pursue escaped federal prisoners
Transport federal prisoners
Provide secure environment for federal courts
Special Operations Group
Witness Protection Program
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

12. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Not a law enforcement agency
Participates in undercover and covert operations around the world
Engages in research and development and deploys high technology for intelligence purposes
Special centers address issues such as counterterrorism, counterintelligence, international organized crime and narcotics trafficking, and arms control intelligence
Responsible to the President of the U.S.
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

13. Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Main function: monitoring and collection of federal income taxes
Criminal Investigation Division (CI)
Investigates violations of Internal Revenue Code
Money laundering investigations
Tax and currency violations
Enforce provisions of Bank Secrecy Act
Questionable Refund Program
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

14. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
Established in 1970 – part of Treasury Department
Offers law enforcement training for personnel from many federal agencies
Significant increase in students due to surge in hiring by federal agencies after September 11 attacks
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

15. State Police and Law Enforcement Agencies
State police/highway patrol
General law enforcement functions
Patrol, traffic control, crash investigation, etc.
State bureaus of investigation (SBI)
State’s equivalent to FBI
Usually report to the state’s attorney general
Investigate both criminal and civil cases involving the state and/or municipal jurisdictions
Hawaii is the only state without a state law enforcement organization
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

16. State Police Duties Perform a variety of nontraffic functions
SWAT
Search and Rescue
Drug units
Court-related functions – warrants, court security
Patrol methods include car patrol, bicycle patrol, foot patrol, marine patrol, motorcycle patrol
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

17. State Police Duties Special purpose state agencies
Limited-purpose units to enforce
Alcoholic beverage laws
Fish and game laws
State statutes/local ordinances on college campuses
Agricultural laws
Commercial vehicle laws
Data collection for the purpose of identifying, reducing, preventing bias-based policing
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak

18. Career Considerations
KSA’s may include
U.S. citizenship
Age requirement
Written test
Oral interview
Writing sample assessment
Medical exam
Drug testing
Background investigation
Other minimum qualifications
Basic training
No conviction for domestic violence
Firearms training
Mobility agreement
Academic performance may enhance pay scale
Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices, 7/e
Kenneth J. Peak