1. Serbs and Roma in Kosovo after 1999 Mark Lee Geography 308 Russia and Eastern Europe Prof. Zoltan Grossman University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire Spring 2005

2. http://www.uwec.edu/grossmzc/Yugoslavia1989.jpg

3. Kosovo’s Autonomy Enjoyed autonomy within Serbia under Tito Enjoyed autonomy within Serbia under Tito Striped by Milosovic Striped by Milosovic

4. WAR 1998-1999 http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_10.11.01/funny/photos/twin-b.gif VS. Serbia KLA Kosovo Liberation Army http://www.1uptravel.com/flag/images/y/yu-kouck.gif

5. War 1998-1999 cont. At least 5,000 Kosovars had been executed during civil war and ethnic cleansing of Albanians At least 5,000 Kosovars had been executed during civil war and ethnic cleansing of Albanians http://www.nato.int/kfor/kfor/facts.htm

6. Post-War Kosovo Since Serbian forces retreated almost all of the 800,000 Albanian refugees have returned to Kosovo Since Serbian forces retreated almost all of the 800,000 Albanian refugees have returned to Kosovo Tens of thousands of Serbs have left the area since Tens of thousands of Serbs have left the area since NATO recognizes KLA as Kosovo Protection Force (KPF) NATO recognizes KLA as Kosovo Protection Force (KPF)

7. Roma In a Pickle Disliked by Serbs for their Muslim religion and Albanian names Disliked by Serbs for their Muslim religion and Albanian names Disliked by Albanians, seen as willing collaborators in Serb abuses Disliked by Albanians, seen as willing collaborators in Serb abuses http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/#_1_10 http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/#_1_10

8. http://www.kosovo.com/home2a.html RomaSerb Roma and Serb communities 1991Serb and Roma communities 1991

9. Serb (red) and Roma (purple) communities post-war Kosovo Serb (red) and Roma (purple) communities post-war Kosovo

10. Obilic UN Reports that UN restores homes for Serb families UN Reports that UN restores homes for Serb families Albanians force Serbs from newly restored homes Albanians force Serbs from newly restored homes April, 2004 Total number of destroyed Serbian Orthodox Churches 143 April, 2004 Total number of destroyed Serbian Orthodox Churches 143 http://www.serfes.org/missionary/january2004-april2004report.htm

11. Serbs fleeing Kosovo Estimates range from 65,000 to 345,000 Estimates range from 65,000 to 345,000 In the capital of Pristina, there were over 40,000 and now fewer than 100 In the capital of Pristina, there were over 40,000 and now fewer than 100

12. Farmer Massacre July 1999 14 Serb farmers gunned down at close range with automatic weapons 14 Serb farmers gunned down at close range with automatic weapons NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) reported -- revenge-seeking ethnic Albanians NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR) reported -- revenge-seeking ethnic Albanians http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9907/26/kosovo.02/

13. Farmer Massacre Near Racak, a village of significant killing by Serbian police and military during the war Near Racak, a village of significant killing by Serbian police and military during the war http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/yugoslavia/trial2.html

14. Bijelo Polje near Pec Site of massacre of Albanians during war Site of massacre of Albanians during war After war KFOR (NATO) controlled area After war KFOR (NATO) controlled area

15. Bijelo Polje http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html

16. Bijelo Polje http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html

17. Bijelo Polje http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html

18. UNMIK Prosecutions “Only a small number of Albanians acknowledge that members of their community persecuted the Serb minority.” “Only a small number of Albanians acknowledge that members of their community persecuted the Serb minority.” www.globalpolicy.org The arrest on war crimes charges of Fatmir Limaj, a former Albanian KLA commander, spurred unrest The arrest on war crimes charges of Fatmir Limaj, a former Albanian KLA commander, spurred unrest United Nations Mission in Kosovo

19. Airlie Declaration Virginia 2000 Albanian and Serb leaders met to take steps for peace Virginia 2000 Albanian and Serb leaders met to take steps for peace Albanians insisted on full participation of Serbs in elections Albanians insisted on full participation of Serbs in elections Serbs contested they don’t have freedom of living and movement Serbs contested they don’t have freedom of living and movement

20. Airlie Declaration cont. “We agree beginning today to a Pact Against Violence to promote tolerance, condemn violence, prevent negative exploitation of ethnic issues, and enable physical integration and political participation by all.” ` “We agree beginning today to a Pact Against Violence to promote tolerance, condemn violence, prevent negative exploitation of ethnic issues, and enable physical integration and political participation by all.” ` “Particular attention will be given to eliminating ethnic hatred and violence by and among children and to preventing the use of children to promote violence.” “Particular attention will be given to eliminating ethnic hatred and violence by and among children and to preventing the use of children to promote violence.” http://www.kosovo.com/airlie.html

21. Mitrovica Riots March 2004 Kosovar Albanian media reported that three Albanian children drown in Ibar River falsely reporting that they had been chased by Serbs with dogs Kosovar Albanian media reported that three Albanian children drown in Ibar River falsely reporting that they had been chased by Serbs with dogs http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm

22. The Riots ensued for 3 days, killing 19 injuring thousands and destroying over 600 buildings The Riots ensued for 3 days, killing 19 injuring thousands and destroying over 600 buildings

23. http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_01.htm

25. Stalemate Serbs boycotted elections based on mob violence of March 2004 Serbs boycotted elections based on mob violence of March 2004 Kosovar Albanians want nothing short of independence Kosovar Albanians want nothing short of independence Independence or Integration Independence or Integration Both sides may want participation with Serb enclaves joining Serbia and Albanian in Serbia joining Kosovo Both sides may want participation with Serb enclaves joining Serbia and Albanian in Serbia joining Kosovo NATO opposes as new “ethnic cleansing” NATO opposes as new “ethnic cleansing”

26. Human Rights Watch http://hrw.org/reports/2004/kosovo0704/5.htm Human Rights Watch http://hrw.org/reports/2004/kosovo0704/5.htm http://hrw.org/reports/2004/kosovo0704/5.htm Serbian Orthodox Dioceses http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_ 01.htm Serbian Orthodox Dioceses http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_ 01.htm http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_ 01.htm http://www.kosovo.com/bpolje.html http://www.kosovo.com/pogrom_march/mitrovica_riots/page_ 01.htm Grinitsas, Alkman. “Paradigm Slip, Kosovo Dispatch” The New Republic. April 11, 2005. Found on EbscoHost Grinitsas, Alkman. “Paradigm Slip, Kosovo Dispatch” The New Republic. April 11, 2005. Found on EbscoHost CNN.com CNN.com edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9907/26/kosovo.02 PBS.org PBS.org http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/yugoslavia/trial2.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/yugoslavia/trial2.html Nato Website http://www.nato.int/kfor/kfor/facts.htm