1. Africa: The New Imperialism

4. How is African Imperialism Different From Early Imperialism?
European countries had 3 motives for controlling land in Africa:
1 - control the export of raw materials and slaves
2 – Political competition with other European countries
3 – Social Darwinism and the “White Man’s Burden”

5. Quinine and Malaria
Europeans left the interior of Africa alone for centuries even though it was just to the south of them
They could not enter the interior because they would catch malaria, which they did not know how to cure
The discovery that quinine could treat malaria allowed Europeans to conquer and control the African interior

6. How was Africa Divided?
European nations set up colonies and brought in armies and navies to protect them
Sometimes European leaders would lay down a map of Africa and draw out territories they wanted
They did not care if they lumped together a variety of ethnic groups in their borders, they did not care about native struggles
The Europeans recruited many natives into the army to protect the colonies
The division of Africa led to very bitter rivalries both in Europe and among the Africans

7. Political Rivalries
Some countries became very jealous during the land grab in Africa
Raw resources and geographical features made some pieces of land much better than others
Some native groups were much more friendly to Europeans than others
Countries such as England and France saw their territory in Africa as a symbol of their national strength

8. Social Darwinism
The idea that certain nations or races are more fit than others
More fit nations, according to the theory, had a right to rule over less fit countries
Some Europeans used this idea to justify taking over lands in Africa

9. The White Man’s Burden Term created by Rudyard Kipling, a British Poet
Describes how Europe thought about Imperialism as well as people from Africa and Asia
Believed non-Europeans were “half devil and half child”
Europeans had the “burden” of helping or improving the native way of life

11. How Europeans Changed the Natives
Converted many to Christianity
Educated them in schoolhouses
Taught them about hygiene, sanitation, and medicine
Replaced native governments and rulers with European ones
Brought European goods to native communities

12. What the Europeans got in Return from the White Man’s Burden
MONEY
Slave labor
Natural resources
Larger Army and Navy
More land

13. African Resistance
Many Africans resented Europeans taking over their lands and trying to change their way of life
Notable resistance movements
Boer war
The Zulu
Ethiopia

14. The Boer War
Boers were a group in South Africa who refused to acknowledge British claims to their land
The British badly wanted the territory because there was gold on it
When the British tried to take over the land, war broke out
The Boers fought hard against the British army, but they were forced into concentration camps and defeated
The territory became part of the British Empire

15. The Zulu
Shaka Zulu built a strong kingdom by subduing enemies and preventing war
He kept Europeans out of Zulu lands for 50 years
When his son came to power, the British army attacked
While the Zulu won a huge battle early on, the British army defeated them in about six months

16. Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s leader, Menelik II, decided to modernize when he first encountered European traders
Ethiopia modernized quickly and had built a strong military by the time Italy tried to conquer the country
Ethiopia defeated the Italians and kept its independence throughout the Age of Imperialism

17. How African Imperialism Affected Europe
The governments became very wealthy very quickly and asserted their influence worldwide
Country rivalries were intense, and there was major distrust among leaders
Factories grew larger and created more jobs, which sparked a growth in the number of cities
A large and prosperous middle class developed in most countries
Factory workers pushed for more government regulations and labor unions gained more power